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Objective: to describe the technique of nephrectomy and thrombectomy used in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and tumor venous thrombosis of various levels, and to identify risk factors of in-hospital death among operated patients.

Materials and methods. This study included 768 patients with RCC and tumor venous thrombosis who have undergone surgical treatment. Median age was 58 years (range: 16-82 years); the male to female ratio was 2.3:1. The symptoms of venous tumor thrombosis were identified in 199 patients (25.9 %). In the majority of patients (n = 509; 66.3 %), the tumor thrombus originated from the right renal vein. The cranial border of the tumor thrombus was located in the perirenal inferior vena cava (IVC) in 219 patients (28.5 %), subhepatic IVC in 201 patients (26.2 %), intrahepatic IVC in 171 patients (22.3 %), and above the diaphragm in 177 patients (23.0 %). We used an individual approach to choose an optimal method of vascular control and to identify indications for circulatory support. Two-thirds of patients (n = 512; 66.7 %) underwent temporary block of the second renal vein; 268 patients (34.9 %) - temporary block of the hepatoduodenal ligament and right heart; 11 patients (3.2 %) were operated on with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Results. The median surgery time was 190 ± 63.6 min; median blood loss was 3,000 ± 71.6 mL (≥50 % of circulating blood in 35.1 % of patients). Intraoperative complications were registered in 23 patients (3.0 %); eight patients (1.0 %) died during surgery with 4 of them died due to pulmonary embolism (0.5 %), 3 died due to hemorrhagic shock (0.4 %), and 1 died due to myocardial infarction (0.1 %). One hundred and ninety individuals (25.0 %) developed postoperative complications with Clavien-Dindo grade III-V complications observed in 115 cases (15.1 %). Forty-one patients (5.3 %) died in the early postoperative period. The causes of death included multiple organ dysfunction (n = 21; 2.8 %), pulmonary embolism (n = 7; 0.9 %), sepsis (n = 6; 0.8 %), stroke (n = 4; 0.5 %), myocardial infarction (n = 2; 0.2 %), and RCC progression (n = 1; 0.1 %). We have identified several independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality, including ascites (hazard ratio (HR) 8.3; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.2-21.4; p < 0.0001), preoperative pulmonary embolism (HR 3.5; 95 % CI 1.3-9.4; p = 0.013), supradiaphragmatic thrombi (HR 1.5; 95 % CI 1.1-2.0; p = 0.003). The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.5 % (20/575) among patients with no risk factors, 9.8 % (16/163) among those with 1 risk factor, 40.0 % (10/25) among those with 2 risk factors, and 60.0 % (3/5) among those with 3 risk factors (area under the curve (AUC) 0.705; p <0.0001 for all).

Conclusion. The incidence of severe complications and postoperative mortality rate in RCC patients with tumor venous thrombosis who have undergone nephrectomy and thrombectomy were 15.1 and 6.4 %, respectively. Risk factors for perioperative mortality included ascites, preoperative pulmonary embolism, and supradiaphragmatic thrombosis.

Objective: to analyze complications after laparoscopic and robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy.

Materials and methods. In our study was included 246 cases. Intra- and postoperative complications were studied after nephron-sparring surgery. The laparoscopic approach was used in 68 (27.3 %) cases, the robot-assisted - in 178 (71.5 %) cases. Intraoperative complications were assessed according to the Rosenthal classification, postoperative complications - according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.

Results. The overall incidence of intraoperative complications was 12.6 %. The most frequent intraoperative complication was bleeding that did not require blood transfusion (grade I) - 5.69 % (laparoscopic approach - in 3 (4.41 %) cases, robot-assisted approach - in 11 (6,18 %) cases). Bleeding requiring blood transfusion and injuries of internal organs, which were restored intraoperatively (grade II), were recorded in laparoscopic and robot-assisted approaches in 4.41 % and 2.25 % of cases, respectively. Complications leading to the loss of organ (nephrectomy, splenectomy) were observed in 2.94 % and 4.49 % of cases, respectively. Intraoperative deaths (grade IV) were not registered.

The incidence of postoperative complications was 18.29 %. Minor complications (Clavien-Dindo ≤II) were detected in 16 (6.5 %) patients (laparoscopic approach - 7.35 %, robot-assisted approach - 6.18 %). Serious complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥III) were detected in 29 (11.79 %) cases (with laparoscopic approach - 14.71 %, robot-assisted - 10.67 %). In the group of tumors with the RENAL index 4-6, the incidence of postoperative complications was 14.7 % with the laparoscopic approach, and 7.1 % with the robot-assisted approach; in the RENAL 7-9 group - 21.9 % and 13.0 %, respectively. In the group of tumors of high complexity (RENAL 10-12), only the robot-assisted approach was used, the incidence of postoperative complications was 22.0 %.

Conclusion. Partial nephrectomy for kidney tumors is an effective and safe surgical technique. The incidence of complications when using the laparoscopic approach is higher than when using the robot-assisted technique in groups of tumors of simple and medium complexity. For tumors of high complexity, robot-assisted approach is a priority. The largest number of serious complications is observed with partial nephrectomy with complex tumors.

Objective: to study the safety of omitting the antibiotic prophylaxis before transperineal prostate biopsy.

Materials and methods. The prospective randomized study included data, obtained during the diagnostical process of 85 patients, who underwent transperineal prostate biopsy in 2020. In the control group (n = 50) patients received 1 g Ceftriaxone IV 1 h before the biopsy. In the study group (n = 35) biopsy was performed without previous antibacterial prophylaxis. Age median was 63.2 (52-75) years.

Results. No significant differences in the infection complications rate (UTI, soft tissues infections, prostatitis, fever, sepsis) were obtained between the groups. No patient developed UTI, prostatitis or sepsis, confirmed with urine culture.

Conclusion. Performing transperineal prostate biopsy without antibiotic prophylaxis seems to be a safe alternative to common prophylaxis regiments, dedicated to infection complications prevention after prostate biopsy.

Background. High-risk prostate cancer (PCa) occurs in 15-25 % of newly diagnosed cases and is a life-threatening condition that requires active treatment. In recent years, the percentage of high-risk PCa has significantly increased, as well as the number of prostatectomies performed in patients with unfavorable morphologic features. However, the high-risk group criteria are not fully defined yet. According to various medical associations, a locally advanced or localized disease may have a high risk of progression. 

Study objective: to evaluate early and long-term results of treatment of patients with high-risk PCa depending on the high-risk group criteria. 

Materials and methods. The analysis includes results of radical surgical treatment of 832 patients with localized or locally advanced high-risk PCa treated in three medical institutions in St. Petersburg in the period from 2001 to 2019. Clinically high-risk group included patients with one of the following criteria: prostate specific antigen level >20 ng/ml, Gleason score >8, stage (cT); according to the last criterion two groups of patients were identified: HR-EAU (≥cT2c; n = 408) and HR-NCCN (≥cT3a; n = 282). 

Results. The average prostate specific antigen level was 21.09 and 26.63 ng/ml, respectively, in HR-EAU and HR-NCCN groups (p< 0.0001). The incidence of positive surgical margin, positive lymph nodes (pN+), five-year recurrence-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival did not differ significantly between the clinically high-risk groups. When evaluated according to the criteria obtained from pathomorphological examination of the removed prostate, the HR-NCCN group showed higher frequency of positive surgical margin (24.8 % vs. 19.2 %) and frequency of pN+ (22.4 % vs. 10.4 %). Analysis of long-term outcomes showed less favorable 5-year results in the HR-NCCN group (recurrence-free, cancerspecific, overall survival - 54.8, 87.0, 83.7 %) compared to the HR-EAU group (recurrence-free, cancer-specific, overall survival - 71.0, 92.1, 88.2 %) (p <0.02 for all). 

Conclusion. Differences in the high-risk group criteria by clinical indicators between associations do not affect early (frequency of positive surgical margin, pN+) and long-term (recurrence-free, cancer-specific, overall survival) outcomes. Pathomorphological indicators are less favorable when evaluated according to NCCN. According to our results, any of the proposed models can be used before radical prostatectomy to determine the prognosis of high-risk PCa patients. However, the NCCN morphological prognostic factors allow better prediction of outcomes and, in accordance with them, prescribe treatment that corresponds to the aggressiveness of the disease.

Background. Nowadays there is no consensus on application of cytoreductive prostatectomy in a complex therapy in patients with oligo-metastatic prostate cancer.

Study objective: assessment of short-term results of neoadjuvant chemohormonotherapy followed by cytoreductive prostatectomy in patients with oligo-metastatic prostate cancer.

Materials and methods. Cytoreductive prostatectomy was performed in 7 patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer.

Results. Postoperative complications in 3 (42.9 %) out of 7 treated patients were classified as grade IIIb according to Clavien-Dindo scale. Post-surgical analysis of prostate tissue samples showed therapeutic pathomorphism of grade II in 3 patients (42.9 %), grade III in 1 patient (14.3 %) and grade IV in another patient (14.3 %). Urinary continence regained in all the patients. Average postoperative supervision period took 12 months. Disease progression was diagnosed in 1 patient (14.3 %).

Conclusion. Combined application of neoadjuvant chemohormonotherapy followed by cytoreductive prostatectomy can be considered as an alternative method of treatment in a properly selected group of patients with oligo-metastatic prostate cancer.

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) in the Russian Federation takes the leading place in the prevalence of cancer among the male population.

Objective: to investigate the effect of increasing a single focal dose in high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) in combination with external beam radiotherapy on biochemical failure-free survival and local control in patients with high-risk PCa. Materials and methods. The study included 350 men with PCa in the group of high and extremely high risk of progression. All patients included in the study were divided into 4 groups. Groups 1, 2 and 3 included 276 patients who received HDR-BT with a ¹⁹²Ir source with a single dose per fraction: 10 Gy (n = 83), 12 Gy (n = 46) and 15 Gy (n = 147). Group 4 included 74 patients who received low-dose-rate brachytherapy with ¹²⁵I sources up to a total focal dose of 110 Gy. At the 2 stage, external beam radiotherapy was a conventional fractionation (single dose of 2 Gy, total - 44-46 Gy).

Results. Of 350 patients over a 5-year follow-up period, PCa recurrence was noted in 65 (18.6 %). The 3- and 5-year biochemical failure-free survival rates in the general cohort of patients were 87.4 and 81.4 %. 5-year biochemical failure-free survival was significantly higher in group 3 relative to group 4 and amounted to 89.8 and 74.2 % (p = 0.03). Increasing the dose for HDR-BT from 10 to 12 Gy per fraction significantly reduced the frequency of local relapses from 15.7 % (in group 1) to 2.2 % (in group 2) (p = 0.0001) while maintaining the level of genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity. Conclusion. The use of a combination of brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy in patients with high risk PCa is highly effective in achieving local control of the tumor. The optimal fractionation regime for HDR-BT remains a matter of debate. The use of 15 Gy per fraction for HDR-BT in combination with external beam radiotherapy is the most optimal fractionation regimen in patients with high-risk PCa.

Background. Despite the recent amendments to the guidelines for the treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (PCa) implying standard use of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in combination with chemotherapy or androgen inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains an essential component of treatment for advanced PCa. Testosterone target castration level of 20 ng/dL implies routine measurement of testosterone levels along with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels during ADT. It is particularly interesting to evaluate the frequency of achieving castration testosterone level in routine clinical practice. 

Objective: to assess the frequency of achieving castration testosterone level (20 ng/dL) and maintaining it after 6 months of therapy in patients with hormone-sensitive PCa receiving an LHRH agonist for the first time. 

Materials and methods. In 2019-2020, Russian Society of Cancer Urologists conducted a non-interventional prospective multicenter study (observational program) aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LHRH agonist (including buserelin, goserelin, leuprorelin or triptorelin) in routine clinical practice in Russia. This study involved 39 cancer urologists and 479 patients aged 18 years and older diagnosed with hormone-sensitive PCa, who started their ADT with LHRH agonists for the first time regardless of the disease stage and previous treatment. Patients received hormone therapy with an LHRH agonist for at least 6 months, visiting their doctor every 3 months (visit 1; visit 2: after 3 months; visit 3: after 6 months). 

Results. Patients received one of the following drugs: leuprorelin (3.75 mg; 7.5 mg; 22.5 mg; 45 mg; n = 225; 47,0 %), goserelin (3.6 mg; 10.8 mg; n = 132; 27.5 %), buserelin (3.75 mg; n = 67; 14.0 %), and triptorelin (3.75 mg; 11.25 mg; n = 55; 11.5 %). Of 479 patients, 186 (38.8 %) received combination treatment with bicalutamide, 12 (2.5 %) with fluta-mide, 54 (11.3 %) with zoledronic acid, and 11 (2.3 %) with denosumab. Among 146 patients with metastatic PCa, a combination of ADT plus docetaxel was administered to 30 participants (20.6 %), ADT plus abiraterone to 8 participants (5.5 %), and ADT plus enzalutamide to 2 participants (1.4 %). After 6 months of therapy, mean PSA level decreased by 94.2 % (from baseline 118.12 ng/mL to 6.87 ng/mL). Mean testosterone level was 19.0 ng/dL (range: 0.029-100 ng/dL). Among 430 patients, the targeted testosterone level <20 ng/dL was achieved in 257 individuals (59.8 %); the level of 20-50 ng/dL was achieved in 158 individuals (36.7 %); and fifteen patients (3.5 %) had their testosterone level >50 ng/dL. The incidence of adverse events was low; most of them were mild. 

Conclusion. Our findings suggest that not all patients achieve targeted testosterone level of <20 ng/dL, which corroborates the need for routine monitoring of testosterone levels during therapy to ensure its timely correction. We observed frequent administration of ADT with maximum androgen blockade. In patients with metastatic PCa, the use of standards for combination treatment with docetaxel and androgen inhibitors is limited.

Background. Bladder cancer is very common and real problem in oncourology. The main treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer is radical cystectomy (RC). RC with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) may be associated with an increased risk of developing lymphatic complications such as lymphedema, prolonged lymphorrhea, and the formation of lymphocele.

Objective: to compare the efficiency of clips and surgical instruments for preventing the development of lymphatic complications during PLND at the time of RC.

Materials and methods. From January 2016 to October 2020 at the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University on the basis of N.I. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No. 1 were performed 60 RC with PLND. All patients were divided into two groups. The 1^st group included patients who underwent the sealing of lymphatic vessels using titanium/polymer clips (n = 30). In the 2^nd group the sealing was performed using ultrasonic/bipolar instruments (n = 30). All operations were performed by one surgeon. The study used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results. The overall percentage of lymphatic complications was 29 (48.3 %) out of 60 patients. Out of them 7 (11.7 %) patients developed symptomatic lymphocele, and 3 (5.0 %) developed asymptomatic lymphocele, prolonged lymphorrhea was observed in 17 (28.3 %) patients, lymphedema of the lower extremities or genitals in 2 (3.3 %). The percentage of lymphatic complications in the 1^st group was 66.7 % (n = 20), and in the 2^nd group - 30.0 % (n = 9) (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis the statistical significance was (p = 0.014), a high odds ratio (6.83; 95 % confidence interval 1.48-31.49) was observed with sealing of lymphatic vessels with clips, while a low odds ratio (0.14; 95 % confidence interval 0.03-0.67) was found with electrosurgical instruments.

Conclusion. The use of ultrasonic or bipolar electrosurgical instruments can be an effective method for preventing the development of lymphatic complications during PLND at the time of RC.

In 90-95 % of cases, urothelial cancer primarily affects the bladder and in about 5-49 % of patients it can be located near or completely close the orifice of the ureter. Metachronous urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract occurs, as a rule, 3 or more years after transurethral resection of the primary bladder tumor or radical cystectomy, and its frequency with involvement of the ureteral orifice ranges from 0 to 20 %, reaching 51 %. Currently, there are no clear recommendations and diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the management of this category of patients. This review examines the frequency, possible causes and risk factors for recurrence of upper urinary tract tumors, indications for organ-preserving treatment, features of surgical technique for transurethral resection of ureteral orifice tumors, emerging complications and methods of their prevention.

Objective: to determine the economic and clinical consequences of using atezolizumab in metastatic urothelial cancer compared with pembrolizumab and nivolumab.

Materials and methods. An assessment of the effectiveness and safety of medicines for urothelial cancer was carried out on the basis of a systematic search and review of clinical studies and an analysis of direct medical costs for medicines from public procurement in Moscow in 2019-2020 and information from official instructions for medical use.

Results. Systematic search identifies 4, 4 and 7 clinical trials of nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab, respectively, as well as 2 meta-analyses. The obtained data on the efficacy and safety did not allow us to identify greater or lesser effective options. Calculation of cost of three months therapy revealed that the cost of atezolizumab (935 thousand rubles) is 7 % lower vs. pembrolizumab (1 million rubles) and 18 % lower vs. nivolumab (1,136 million rubles). Thus, when using atezolizumab instead of pembrolizumab or atezolizumab, budget savings may occur, or allowing additional therapy to be provided to every 14th or every 6th patient, respectively within fixed budget.

Conclusion. The use of atezolizumab in metastatic urothelial cancer led to budget savings or the possibility of additional treatment coverage with immuno-oncological therapy.

Background. Urinary fistulas (UFs) are one of the most significant complications after partial nephrectomy. Placement of an ureteral stent eliminates urine extravasation in the majority of patients. However, some of them have persistent UFs despite upper urinary tract drainage. Such cases require retrograde injection of fibrin glue into the renal cavity through a ureteroscope or via the percutaneous approach. Some authors reported cases of simultaneous use of 2 stents and percutaneous cryoablation of the fistula, but these techniques are rare and, therefore, it is problematic to evaluate their efficacy.

Objective: to evaluate the results of the new treatment method for the elimination of persistent UFs using the retrograde endoscopic percutaneous approach.

Materials and methods. This study included 5 patients (3 males and 3 females) with UFs developed after kidney resection. Mean age of the patients was 55.8 years. The tumor size was 2.5 to 4.8 cm; mean R.E.N.A.L. score was 7.8. All patients had earlier undergone minimally invasive partial nephrectomy; the time between surgery and UF development varied between 3 and 10 days. Four out of 5 patients had a large amount of discharge from their paranephral drainage system, examination of which confirmed high creatinine level. Patients underwent flexible ureteropyelography in the lithotomy position. During this procedure, we identified the damaged calyx and then performed percutaneous puncture targeting the distal end of the endoscope at this calyx, ensuring that the tip of the needle appeared in the paranephral cavity in front of the injured calyx. Using the flexible ureteroscope, we inserted the needle into the pelvis, dilated the puncture opening along the string, and installed a nephrostomy drainage system (12 Fr). Then the endoscope was removed and the ureter was additionally drained with a stent. The stent was removed after 8-10 days with subsequent antegrade pyelography. If there was no extravasation, the nephrostomy tube was removed and the patient was discharged from hospital to continue treatment in outpatient settings.

Results. All patients with UFs resulting from partial nephrectomy was successfully operated on. No complications were registered. The mean surgery time was 45.0 ± 20.5 min (range: 40-65 min). Only two patients had some discharge from the fistula within 1 day after nephrostomy tube removal and it stopped without any additional interventions. Three patients had their fistula healed immediately. The treatment efficacy during the whole follow-up period of 18 ± 4 months (range: 6-26 months) was 100 %.

Conclusion. Ureteral stenting ensures elimination of UFs in the majority of patients after partial nephrectomy. In individuals with persistent UFs, retrograde endoscopic percutaneous drainage of the pelvicalyceal system is the method of choice, because it allows rapid and effective treatment of UFs.

Prostate cancer is the leading cause of death among men. Existing prognostic factors make it possible to differentiate the degree of malignancy of tumors with high metastatic potential. Currently, the treatment of high-grade tumors is carried out with hormonal therapy, to which taxanes are added, when the malignant neoplasm becomes resistant to castration. Studies with other anti-cancer agents did not take into account the genetic background of the tumors, and most of the trials showed low response rates. The article describes an in silico approach for screening drug candidates that can be used as an alternative to taxanes. Researched 86 genes that distinguish between high and low grade tumors, and identified several genes that correlated with chemosensitivity. As an example, a set of six genes has been proposed the expression levels of which can predict cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin. The study demonstrates the relevance of an approach to the treatment of high-grade prostate cancer and new biomarkers for predicting clinical tumor response.

This review article is devoted to the main problems of early diagnostic and prognosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, which accounts for 75 % of all newly detected cases of bladder cancer according to statistics. Chromosomal disorders that have been detected in urothelial cells can lead to the development of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The review highlights the main problems of existing diagnostic systems for bladder cancer, their disadvantage and limitations of use in practice. Special attention is given to tumor stem cells, which are actively involved in the development of relapses of malignant neoplasms, and, also play an important role in the development of chemo - and radioresistance of tumor cells. Their significance in the diagnosis, detection of disease recurrence and the possibility of using the data obtained to adjustment therapeutic methods of treatment in oncology is one of the main tasks in cancer pathology.

The current prostate cancer screening program results in unnecessary biopsies in a quarter of patients, overdiagnosis of clinically insignificant prostate cancer (ISUP 1) and overtreatment. Intoducing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging into routine practice before biopsy allows to decrease the number of biopsies, thereby reducing the burden on clinicians and increasing the likelihood of detecting clinically significant forms of prostate cancer (ISUP >2).  The objective of this literature review is to compare targeted biopsy techniques and to determine their current role in the prostate cancer diagnosis.

Renal cell carcinoma accounts 2 % of global cancer diagnoses and death. In Malaysia, its occurrence is found in 1.9 in 100,000 patients and more predominantly in male with ratio male to female of 2.75:1 in 2006. Radical nephrectomy has been proven to give the best chance of cure and long term survival. Throughout the years, conventional open surgery has evolved to single port laparoscopic surgery. It has its own advantages, difficulties and cases selections criteria. We report a successful case of Laparoscopic single port surgery in a renal cell carcinoma patient with underlying prostate carcinoma. 

Annually, up to 300 thousand new cases of kidney cancer and more than 134 thousand deaths associated with this disease are registered in the world. In the Russian Federation in 2019, 20,758 patients with a newly diagnosed renal cell carcinoma were registered; it should be noted that at the end of 2019, 177,755 patients with this diagnosis were registered. The issue of renal cell carcinoma metastasis seems to be quite relevant. The most common organs for metastatic renal cell carcinoma are lungs (up to 55 %), lymph nodes (up to 34 %), liver (up to 32 %), bones (up to 32 %), adrenal glands (up to 19 %), contralateral kidney (up to 11 %) and the brain (up to 5.7 %). The incidence of skin metastases in renal cell carcinoma ranges from 2.8 to 6.8 %, according to various authors.

Our publication presents a case of treatment of a patient with a rare localization of renal cell carcinoma metastases in the external genital organs. The patient underwent palliative nephrectomy and vulvectomy. Taking into account the data on the prevalence of the disease, therapy with cabozantinib is carried out. Cabosantinib is an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase domains of a number of growth factors, angiogenesis, abnormal bone remodeling, metastasis, and drug resistance.

Background. About 25,000 (2018 - 24,291) new cases of kidney cancer (KC) are registered in Russia annually, in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia in 2018 - 2504.

Kidney cancer refers to localizations with a relatively low mortality rate. Mortality in the first year of observation is about 20 %. At the same time, an unfavorable trend in the dynamics of morbidity should be noted. Over the past 10 years, the annual growth rate for both sexes was 3.18%, mortality practically did not change, which indicates certain success in the treatment of patients.

Materials and methods. The materials of the research were the monographs of IARC “Cancer on five continents”, reference books of the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute and the database of the population cancer register of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russia own materials. Standard methods of statistical analysis were used.

Results. The study revealed positive trends in the quality of registration of patients with kidney cancer, dynamics of mortality and survival of patients.

Conclusion. The positive dynamics of the incidence rate of the population of Russia with kidney cancer has been established, and its place in the world community has been determined. Age-specific levels are close to those in the United States.

Particular attention is paid to the need to use the Russian population cancer register database to obtain reliable data for an objective assessment of the activities of the oncological service in relation to kidney cancer.

On July 26, 1895, Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska were married.  On June 23, 1903, Maria presented her doctoral dissertation “Investigation of radioactive substances” at the Sorbonne, which described the results of hard work in previous years, including the isolation of new elements - polonium and radium. In the same 1903, Marie and Pierre Curie were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics “in recognition of the exceptional services they rendered to science through the joint research of radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel”. She became the first female - laureate and remained the only one until 1935, when her daughter Irene was awarded the Nobel Prize.  In 1911, Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for outstanding achievements in the development of chemistry: the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element”. Marie Curie became the first and to date the only woman in the world -twice the Nobel Prize winner.  After many years, the proposal of Marie and Pierre Curie on the use of radium in medicine has been implemented at the present time. Studied and proved its effectiveness in the treatment of bone metastases of prostate cancer.  The merits of these scientists before the whole world can hardly be overestimated. Humanity gratefully keeps a good memory for great discoveries for the benefit of people.