Vol 7, No 2 (2011)

To reveal possible associations of the polymorphic variants of the cytochrome P450 and enzymes glutathione-S-transferase genes with the risk for bladder cancer (BC), the authors analyzed the frequency of genotypes and alleles at the polymorphic loci of the CYP1A1 (A2454G), GSTM1 (del), and GSTP1 (A313G) genes in 208 patients diagnosed as having BC (104 patients with invasive BC and 104 with superficial BC) and in 367 patients without identified oncopathology. The *1A*2C (OR = 3.42) and *2C*2С (OR = 6.98) genotypes, *2C (OR = 3.73) allele of the CYP1A1 gene and the GG (OR = 2.53) genotype of the GSTP1 gene were ascertained to be genetic markers for a risk for BC. The presence of the *2C (OR = 1.69) allele of the CYP1A1 gene, the G (OR = 2.40) allele and the AG genotype (OR = 2.40) of the GSTP1 gene was associated with the invasive forms of BC. There were no substantial differences in the distribution of the frequency of genotypes of the GSTM1 gene between the samples of patients and healthy individuals.

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of beam radiotherapy (BRT) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Subjects and methods. The data on 40 patients diagnosed as having stage T1 NMIBC, who had been treated at the Medical Radiology Center in 1990 to 2009, were studied. Of them, 75% were aged < 70 years. They all had verified transitional cell carcinoma: G1 in 11 (27.5%) patients; G2 in 12 (30%), and G3 in 17 (42.5%). Multifocal tumor growth (T1m) was found in 22 (55%); the largest tumor exceeded 3 cm in 31 (77.5%). More than half (60%) of the patients had clinically significant concomitant diseases. Three (7.5%) had a history of treated malignancy. The mean follow-up of the patients was 58.6 months.

Results. Survival at 60 months follow-up was 67.9 ± 8.0%. Three (7.5 %) patients died at 21–42 months follow-up. Five-year relapse-free survival was 50.0 ± 8.5%. Seven (17.5 %) patients were withdrawn at 5 to 99 months follow-up (mean 34.7 months). Four (10 %) patients died from disease progression at 21 to 143 months follow-up. After radiotherapy to the bladder area, 17 (42.5 %) patients were diagnosed as having more than 50 % tumor regression, which permitted transurethral resection of a residual tumor. The frequency and degree of radiation reactions were estimated. Acute radiation cystitis was diagnosed in 11 (27.5 %) patients and rectitis was found in 6 (15.0 %). Radiation reactions were not a reason for forced treatment discontinuation. Grade I-II late radiation cystitis (RTOG/EORTC) was diagnosed in 9 (22.5 %) patients.

Conclusion. The efficiency of BRT in patients with NMIBC who had refused surgical treatment or had contraindications to it was confirmed during the study. BRT could preserve the functioning bladder in 97.5 % of cases and remove the residual tumor in 42.5 %. Radiation reactions were not a reason for forced treatment interruption.

The article analyses the first experience of male urinary incontinence surgical treatment using transobturator sling system “UroSling male”. This new device is specially designed for transobturator placement with atraumatic fixation onto the inferior rami of pubic bones. The results of the study showed that synthetic sling implantation is an effective and safety option (overall effectiveness of operation 79,5 %).

Background. Polypoid cystitis may simulate urothelial neoplasias cystoscopically and histologically. The frequency of polypoid cystitis is 0.38%; that among patients undergoing bladder catheterization is 6 %.

Subjects and methods. The authors estimated the frequency of polypoid cystitis among chronic cystitis patients admitted to City Clinical Hospital Fifty, a base of the Clinic of Urology, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, in the period from February 2008 to February 2010. Out of 819 patients followed up, 3 who had diagnosed as having polypoid cystitis complained of pollakiuria, imperative micturate urges, and macrohematuria. They underwent ultrasonography, computed tomography, and cystoscopy; bladder masses measured 1.0, 7.0, and 11.5 cm, respectively; extensive growth was verified in 2 cases. Endoscopic studies identified procumbent rough-villous masses without well-defined outlines with the signs of bullous edema, decay, hemorrhages, and urinary salt encrustations. By taking into account the clinical picture and laboratory and instrumental findings, the authors suspected stage T3bNхMх bladder tumor in 2 patients and T1NхMх stage in 1. According to the European Association of Urology guidelines for management of bladder cancer, the patients underwent transurethral bladder resection. The patients were diagnosed as having polypoid cystitis on the basis of postmortem evidence.

Results. In this study the frequency of polypoid cystitis was 37 %. Polypoid cystitis, a benign mass without a risk for malignancy, had signs of invasive transitional cell carcinoma.

Conclusion. Such cases that rarely occur in practice are of clinical value and interest to urologists, pathologists, and oncologists.