Vol 7, No 4 (2011)

Objective: to evaluate the antitumor efficiency of the intravesical administration of prospiridine versus cisplatin in the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Subjects and methods. The therapeutic effect of neoadjuvant intravesical chemotherapy (CT) was comparatively analyzed in 74 patients with transitional cell NMIBC. Thirty-four patients were given prospidine in a single dose of 200 mg to the total dose of 4000 mg; 40 patients received cisplatin in a single dose of 20 mg to the total dose of 500 mg.

Results. There was a preponderance of moderate dysuretic manifestations (55 %) during CH with prospidine and mild cystitis (62.5 %) during that with cisplatin. In the prospidine group, mild leukopenia was observed in 5 (14.7 %) patients receiving intravesical CT with prospidine and in none patients treated with cisplatin. In the same group, 11.7 and 23.5 % achieved complete or partial regression, respectively. The total effect of intravesical CT with prospidine was 32.4 % and that with cisplatin was 50 % (complete or partial regression was seen in 22.5 and 27.5 %, respectively).

Conclusion. The study has demonstrated that intravesical CT with prospidine is effective and well tolerated and may be recommended for the treatment of NMIBC.

There is an increase in the number of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) every year. At the same time radical nephrectomy (RN) remains the standard treatment of renal malignancies and the most common surgical procedure for this pathology. A considerable number of patients with kidney cancer have diminished renal function that worsens after removal of functioning kidney tissue together with a tumor. This promotes retained low overall survival rates in patients with RCC, by improving cancer-specific survival. Renal function was studied in 48 patients with RCC prior to and 1 year after RN. In all the patients, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Cockroft-Gault equation with and without protein load. Renal parenchyma volume was calculated by spiral computed tomography. Patients aged over 60 years had decreased baseline renal function as compared to those aged under 60 years (GFR 77.4 versus 103.6 ml/min/1.73 m2). The postoperative reduction in female renal function was more pronounced (GFR, 84.92 versus 92.54 ml/min/1.73 m2). Patients with metastatic RCC had lower baseline renal function and its significant postoperative loss than those with the non-metastatic forms of a tumor. A load test showed a substantially decreased renal reserve in patients with RCC.

Purpose. To evaluate influence of clinical, biochemical and histological factors to detection rate of local recurrence following radical prostatectomy (RPE) using multifocal TRUS-guided vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA) biopsy.

Material and methods. 59 patients with newly diagnosed biochemical recurrence (BR) after RPE were included into prospective study. All of them underwent multifocal TRUS-guided VUA biopsy. Сlinical variables (serum prostate-specifi c antigen [PSA] level and PSA kinetics, time RPE-BR, Gleason grade, stage after RPE and clinical findings) were evaluated. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed.

Results. The detection rate of local prostate recurrence with TRUS-guided VUA biopsy was 45,8 % (95 % CI 33,7–58,3). At multivariate analysis only PSA level at the moment of biopsy (≤ 1,5 ng/ml vs > 1,5 ng/ml) and time RPE-BR (≤ 15 months vs > 15 months) were significantly associated with positive results of multifocal TRUS-guided VUA biopsy (p < 0,05).

Conclusion The detection rate of local prostate recurrence with TRUS-guided VUA biopsy depends on combination of independent predictors (PSA level at the moment of biopsy and time RPE—BR).

Prostate cancer (PC) is a topical problem of oncourology because of the steady rise in morbidity worldwide. Despite the introduction of a diagnostic technique using prostate-specific antigen, the detection rate of the disease in its late stages remains high. Hormone therapy (HT) is considered to be a basic treatment in patients with metastatic PC. At the same time continuous HT is associated with the risk of developing side effects and can lower quality of life in the patients. Intermittent HT makes it possible to substantially reduce the cost of the performed therapy and to improve quality of life, without decreasing the efficiency of HT. The paper presents a review of clinical trials demonstrating the efficiency of intermittent HT, including the use of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues, in patients with PC.