Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
- Year: 2010
- Published: 30.03.2010
- Articles: 17
- URL: https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/issue/view/2
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. URINARY BLADDER CANCER
POSSIBILITIES OF USING RADIODIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN THE STAGING OF URINARY BLADDER CANCER AND IN THE DETERMINATION OF ITS TREATMENT POLICY
Abstract
The urgency of the study was determined by the unsolved problems in the radiation evaluation of the local extent (stage) of a tumor and related surgical treatment policy. The results of a preoperative complex radiation study of 217 patients with urinary bladder cancer, including 134 men and 83 women, are presented. Based on the data of comprehensive preoperative examination, the authors define clear criteria for choosing a surgical treatment. A functional procedure for ultrasonography in varying urinary bladder filling is proposed to evaluate the degree of tumor invasion.
Cancer Urology. 2010;6(1):14-18
14-18
POSSIBILITIES OF LOW-FIELD-STRENGTH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BLADDER NEOPLASMS
Abstract
The paper considers whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used in the complex diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer. It analyzes the authors' data based on bladder MRI findings in 79 patients with histologically verified bladder neoplasms. The possibilities of lowfield- strength MRI are compared with those of high-field-strength MRI, transabdominal ultrasonography, and computed tomography.
Cancer Urology. 2010;6(1):18-22
18-22
SOCIOMEDICAL EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH URINARY BLADDER CANCER AFTER CYSTECTOMY
Abstract
Criteria for sociomedical examination of patients who have undergone cystectomy with operations of urinary diversion have been currently insufficiently developed. Based on the standard criteria used for sociomedical examination, the authors identify criteria for defining the restricted working ability and disability groups in patients after cystectomy. Estimating the disability group and restricted working ability in patients with urinary bladder cancer after cystectomy should be based on a strictly individual approach, by keeping in mind the complete cancer prognosis, on the integrated assessment made by an expert and a patient himself, on the use of criteria for estimating the quality of life while assessing the degree of restrictions of the basic categories of vital activity. Thus, the estimation should yield an obvious, quantitative result to make an extremely accurate and objective sociomedical examination, which is fully reflected in the use of the questionnaire proposed by us.
Cancer Urology. 2010;6(1):23-27
23-27
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. TESTICULAR CANCER
52-58
REVIEW
РОЛЬ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ПОВТОРНОЙ ТРАНСУРЕТРАЛЬНОЙ РЕЗЕКЦИИ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ БЕЗ МЫШЕЧНОЙ ИНВАЗИИ
Abstract
To evaluate the role of the repeat transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder in the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the medical literature was sought for, by using the PubMed database. The selected full text sources were analyzed. Repeat TUR carried out 1-6 weeks after primary surgery permits detection of residual tumor in 33-76% of cases, identification of muscle invasive bladder cancer in 4-28% of the patients with the primary diagnosis of NMIBC, more precise estimation of tumor extent, and modification of treatment policy in 4-33% of cases. Furthermore, repeat TUR allows estimation of the risk of further cancer progression and selection of patients for immediate radical cystectomy. Overall, this approach can improve the results of treatment of patients with NMIBC.
Cancer Urology. 2010;6(1):59-64
59-64
ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY
Abstract
The rate of a biochemical and clinical recurrence at stage T1-T2 is 25-35%. Experience with surgical treatment for stage T3 cancer shows that 33.5-66% of patients a positive surgical margin and 7.9-49% of patients have a metastatic lymph node lesion. One of the further treatment options is teleradiotherapy (TRT) for a removed prostate area, which is performed immediately after surgical treatment and in case of a biochemical or clinical recurrence both alone and in combination with others treatments (hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, etc.). The paper presents the data of basic international studies of adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. The results of the therapy depend on the baseline level of prostate-specific antigen, the interval between the start of radiotherapy and surgery, the stage of the disease, and other prognostic factors. A number of investigations of the use of TRT, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and their combinations in the adjuvant mode are ongoing. This will provide answers to what combinations of adjuvant therapy may increase survival and improve quality of life in patients with prostate cancer.
Cancer Urology. 2010;6(1):65-69
65-69
CURRENT VIEWS OF THE GLEASON GRADING SYSTEM
Abstract
The authors provide the proceedings of the 2005 First International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Conference and the basic provisions that differ the modified Gleason grading system from its original interpretation. In particular, we should do away with Gleason grade 1 (or 1 + 1 = 2) while assessing the needle biopsy specimens. Contrary to the recommendations by Gleason himself, the conference decided to apply stringent criteria for using Gleason grades 3 and 4. This is due to the fact that these grades are of special prognostic value so it is important to have clear criteria in defining each Gleason grade. Notions, such as secondary and tertiary Gleason patterns, are considered; detailed recommendations are given on the lesion extent sufficient to diagnose these components.
Cancer Urology. 2010;6(1):69-75
69-75
PROSTATE CANCER
28-32
33-38
OPTIMIZATION OF LAPAROSCOPIC NERVE-SPARING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY
Abstract
Objective: to determine the optimal technique of laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (RPE). Materials and methods. The PubMed database was used to examine matters on the anatomy of the prostate, its surrounding structures, and different techniques of laporoscopic RPE (LRPE). This has led to the conclusion that the Brussels technique provides better results in nervesparing at LRPE. In July 2008 to July 2009, 17 laparoscopic radical prostatectomies (15 patients underwent extrafascial prostatectomy, 2 patients had interfascial prostatectomy) were performed using the Brussels technique via transperitoneal approach; the results were prospectively evaluated. Results. The mean follow-up was 5.3 months so we cannot adequately assess the results now. The health status of the patients was evaluated using the questionnaires (International Continence Society and International Index of Erectile Function-5) filled in by them before and after surgery. Four of 5 patients who had been followed up for more than 6 months were continent, 1 patient used 1 pad. Out of 2 patients with a median follow-up of 2 months who had led a sexual life before surgery (International Index of Erectile Function-5 greater than 20 scores), erection was preserved in one patient after bilateral nerve-sparing prostatectomy and not preserved in the other after unilateral one. Conclusion. Anterior approach to the prostate provides better control of the neurovascular bundles in the seminal vesicular region. The modified Brussels technique is more preferable in performing LRPE.
Cancer Urology. 2010;6(1):39-44
39-44
PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE TRAINING IN THE TREATMENT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY
Abstract
The incidence of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy is 0.8 to 87%. This category of patients has pelvic floor muscle weakness and reduced perineal reflex. The treatment of these patients uses a pelvic floor exercise system that is to enhance muscle tone and to develop strong reflex contraction in response to a sudden rise in intraabdominal pressure. Pelvic floor muscle training belongs to first-line therapy for urinary incontinence occurring within 6 to 12 months after prostatectomy. The ability to control pelvic floor muscle knowingly and to train them allows one not only to increase the closing capability of sphincter mechanisms, but also to suppress involuntary detrusor contractions. We used this method in 9 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy. The duration of pelvic floor muscle training under control was up to 25 weeks. During this period, the symptoms of incontinence were relieved. No contraindications or adverse reactions have put this method in first-line therapy for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence.
Cancer Urology. 2010;6(1):45-49
45-49
ПЕРВИЧНО-МНОЖЕСТВЕННЫЙ РАК ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ В АЛТАЙСКОМ КРАЕ
Abstract
The proportion of men with multiple primary malignancies (MPM), by involving the prostate, is 9.3% of all the patients with prostate cancer in the Altai Territory. When prostate cancer is found, the lung, skin, oral cavity, and digestive tract should be examined to reveal secondary tumors. When primary malignancy is detected in these organs, the prostate should be more meticulously examined. In patients with double metachronic nonsystemic MPM with the involvement of the prostate, the disease is more frequently detectable in the 60-69 year age group.
Cancer Urology. 2010;6(1):50-51
50-51
CONGRESSES AND CONFERENCES
85-86
CLINICAL CASE
76-77
78-80
80-84
LECTURE
RECURRENT NON-MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER: POSSIBLE ENDOSCOPIC MODES TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM
Abstract
The high rate of recurrences after transurethral resection of the bladder is a key problem in the treatment of patients with superficial tumors. The main reasons for the high rate of recurrences are diffuse urothelial neoplastic changes, cancer in situ, possible tumor cell implantation at surgery, and non-radical removal of a tumor itself. As of now, the most important ways of solving the problem, among which there are a lot of endoscopic modes, include increased radicality of primary tumor removal (bipolar electrosurgery, electrovaporization, laser resection and ablation), more precise intraoperative disease staging (Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography), identification of invisible neoplasms by standard methods (photodynamic diagnosis, narrow-spectrum imaging), monitoring of primary tumor removal radicality (early recystoscopy and bladder biopsy), photodynamic therapy, urinary retention elimination, by saving the patient from infravesical obstruction, as well as urinary cytology, use of diagnostic markers (BTA test and others), adjuvant immunochemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc. By taking into account the data available in the literature and their findings, the authors consider possible ways of reducing the recurrence rate of superficial bladder carcinoma.
Cancer Urology. 2010;6(1):6-13
6-13
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 36986 от 21.07.2009.
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 36986 от 21.07.2009.