Bladder cancer of the children and adolescents. Review of the literature and own clinical trial

Оbjective is to evaluate the rate of bladder cancer in children and adolescents, characteristics of its histological variant, and treatment approaches.

 Materials and methods. A review of international literature on the problem of bladder cancer in children and adolescents as well as our own clinical observations of this pathology in 7 male patients aged 5–17 years in the period from 2012 to 2017 are presented.

Results. According to the literature data and our own clinical observations, bladder cancer in children and adolescents is a rare pathology and it is a well-differentiated transitional cell carcinoma, localized, with favorable prognosis and rare recurrence. Treatment approach for bladder cancer in children and adolescents is the same as in adults, and usually is limited to transurethral resection of the bladder tumor.

Conclusion. These observations serve as a reminder that bladder cancer can occur in children and adolescents, as well as in adults, which should elevate oncological vigilance among general practitioners.

1. Migaldi M., Rossi G., Maiorana A. et al. Superficial papillary urothelial carcinomas in young and elderly patients: a comparative study. BJU Int 2004;94(3):311–6. DOI: 10,1111/j.1464-410X.2004.04929.x. PMID: 15291858.

2. Tkachev S.I., Figurin K.M., Medvedev S.V. Radiotherapy of patients with bladder cancer. Onkourologiya = Cancer Urology 2006;(3):5. (In Russ.).

3. Ferlay J., Shin H.R., Bray F. et al. GLOBOCAN 2008. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC cancer base No. 10. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2010. Available at: http://globocan.iarc.fr.

4. Matveev B.P., Figurin K.M., Karyakin O.B. Bladder cancer. Moscow: Verdana, 2001. P. 242. (In Russ.).

5. Smith’s ge neral urology. Translation from English. Eds.: E.A. Tanagho, J.W. McAninch. Moscow: Praktika, 2005. (In Russ.).

6. Chekunova E.V., Nefedova V.O., Sobolevskiy A.B. et al. A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder in a 5-month old child. Vestnik rentgenologii i radiologii = Bulletin of Roentgenology and Radiology 2001;(3):51–3. (In Russ.).

7. McCarthy J.P., Gavrell G.J., Leblanc G.A. Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder in patients under thirty years of age. Urology 1979;13(5):487–9. PMID: 442370.

8. Lopatkin N.A., Pugachev A.G. Pediatric urology. Guidelines. Moscow: Meditsina, 1986. P. 474. (In Russ.).

9. Durnov L.A., Voinov E.A., Kornev Yu.E. Pediatric oncological urology. Kiev: Zdorov’ya, 1981. Pp. 103–110. (In Russ.).

10. Bujons A., Caffaratti J., Garat J.M., Villavicencio H. Long-term follow-up of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in childhood. J Pediatr Urol 2014;10(1):167–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.08.002. PMID: 24035638.

11. Goykhberg M.I. Tumors of the urinary and male sex organs. In: Fundamentals of pediatric urology and nephrology. Kiev: Zdorov’ya, 1983. Pp. 325–345. (In Russ.).

12. Huang H., Li X., Jin J. Treatment of bladder transitional cell carcinoma in children: a single center experience from China. Arch Iran Med 2015;18(4):250–2. DOI: 015184/AIM.0011. PMID: 25841947.

13. Kral M., Michalek J., Skarda J. et al. High-grade urothelial bladder cancer in children: A case report and critical analysis of the literature. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016;160(4):578–82. DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.045. PMID: 27752150.

14. Apoznański W., Rysiakiewicz J., Polok M. et al. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumour as a treatment method in children with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder – analysis of our material and literature review. Adv Clin Exp Med 2015;24(3):505–9. DOI: 10.17219/acem/36600. PMID: 26467141.

15. Polat H., Utangac M.M., Gulpinar M.T. et al. Urothelial neoplasm of the bladder in childhood and adolescence: a rare disease. Int Braz J Urol 2016;42(2):242–6. PMID: 27256177.