Bladder cancer: what’s new in 2018–2019

The review presents the results of the most important and interesting studies on diagnosis, epidemiology and treatment of bladder cancer within 2018–2019. Some regulations are based on the recommendations of the European Association of Urology, while others – on the results of mutual studies. As for treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, data of particular interest pertain to intravesical chemotherapy in case of to BCG resistance (Calmet–Guerin Bacillus) for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Response rate and number of adverse reactions are satisfactory and allow to hope for better results in future. The results of epidemiological studies on large populations showed that considering the disease pathogenesis it is necessary to take into account the presence of human hepatitis HBAb, as well as human papillomavirus type 6. As immunotherapeutic drugs are widely used in patients with oncological and urological diseases, their action is studied in patients with nonmuscleinvasive, locally advanced bladder cancer. The results showed the effectiveness of pembrolizumab when administered intravesically in BCG refractory cancer. The same drugs used in the neoadjuvant mode showed an increase of pT0 number after radical cystectomy. A comparative study of pembrolizumab and atesolizumab versus traditional chemotherapy showed their advantage in the frequency of complete regressions and survival rates to progression.

1. European Association of Urology. Guidelines 2019 edition.

2. Hinata N, Bando Y, Fujisawa M. MP32-03 Histological investigation of the lymphatic vessel configuration in the human male urinary bladder anatomical basis for metastatic disease. J Urol. 2019;201(4):442.

3. DOI: 10.1097/01.JU.0000555888.35481.9d

4. Shee K, Reinstatler L, Stensland K. MP05-13 Hepatitis B serology is a novel risk factor for bladder cancer. J Urol. 2019;201(4):44.

5. DOI: 10.1097/01.JU.0000555888.35481.9d

6. Reinstatler LS, Shee K, Stensland KD, et al. Re-examining an old trend: The association of human papillomavirus and bladder cancer. ASCO. 2019. suppl 362.

7. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.362 J

8. Hwang I, Park I, Yoon SK, et al. Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) in genitourinary (GU) cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. ASCO. 2019. suppl 369.

9. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.369

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11. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.469

12. Bosschieter J, Nieuwenhuijzen JA, van Ginkel T, et al. Value of an Immediate Intravesical Instillation of Mitomycin C in Patients with Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Prospective Multicentre Randomised Study in 2243 patients. Eur Urol.2018 Feb;73(2):226-232.

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14. DeCastro G; Anderson C; Pak J, et al. MP43-14 A phase 1 trial of intravesical cabazitaxel, gemcitabine, and cisplatin (CGC) for the treatmet of non-muscle invasive BCG unresponsive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol. 2019. 201():e623,

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16. Balar AV,Kulkarni GS, Uchio EM, et al. Keynote 057: Phase II trial of Pembrolizumab (pembro) for patients (pts) with high-risk (HR) nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) unresponsive to bacillus calmette-guérin (BCG). ASCO. 2019. suppl 350.

17. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.350

18. Woodcock VK, Purshouse K- Butche Cr, et al. A phase I study to assess the safety and tolerability of intravesical pembrolizumab in recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). ASCO. 2019. suppl 406.

19. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.406

20. Zamboni S, Soria F, Mathieu R, et al. MP32-10 Comparative effectiveness of robotic assisted and open radical cystectomy in contemporary cohorts of bladder cancer patients: an international multicenter collaboration. J Urol. 2019./ 201(4):e446,

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23. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.382

24. Beano HM, He J, Hensel C, et al. Decreasing ureteral stent duration following radical cystectomy decreases readmissions and urinary infectious complications. ASCO. 2019. suppl 366.

25. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.366.

26. Patel N, Mark Alshak M, A, et al. Contemporary analysis of ureteroenteric strictures after open and robot-assisted radical cystectomy: A population-based study. ASCO. 2019. suppl 484.

27. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.484

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29. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.451.

30. Zaffuto E; Moschini M; Burgio G; et al. MP32-06 Impact of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab on intra and perioperation complication after radical cystectomy: a comparison with both standard chemotherapy and no adjuvant treatment. J Urol. 2019. 201():e444

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