DIAGNOSIS OF NON-MUSCLE-INVASIVE PAPILLARY BLADDER TUMORS: CLASSIFICATIONAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

The diagnosis of superficial papillary bladder tumors remains a serious problem and has 2 aspects: classificational and morphological ones. As of now, 2 classifications of superficial bladder tumors, the basis for which is different principles (the 1973 WHO and the 2004 WHO ones) are equally used. Pathologists and clinicians must know criteria for both classifications and understand their differences, advantages, and disadvantages. If they are unaware of the normal structure of the bladder and the specific features of work with transurethral resection material, they cannot adequately stage non-muscle-invasive tumors.