THE DIAGNOSIS AND PREDICTION OF NON-MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER RECURRENCE, BY APPLYING CLINICAL METHODS AND FISH ANALYSIS (A REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

The review deals with the-state-of-the-art of diagnosis and prediction of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (BC). It gives data on the chromosomal abnormalities identified in urothelial cancer cells according to the results of trials. The development of a procedure for FISH diagnosis of BC is noted to be warranted. An algorithm for interpreting the result of the FISH analysis is given. The use of data on chromosomal abnormalities as additional predictors of the course of non-muscle invasive BC is described. The application of the FISH technique in assessing the results of adjuvant treatment in patients with non-muscle invasive BC is also depicted. In summary, the main problems in the existing algorithms for its diagnosis and prediction, by employing the FISH technique, are indicated.

non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, chromosomal abnormalities, fluorescence in situ hybridization, recurrence