Распространенность тромбоэмболических осложнений при опухолях мочеполовой системы, факторы риска и профилактика

Результаты многочисленных исследований свидетельствуют о снижении общей выживаемости онкологических больных, у которых развились тромбоэмболические осложнения. В статье представлен обзор литературы по вопросам тромбоэмболических осложнений у больных раком почки, мочевого пузыря и предстательной железы. Анализ публикаций свидетельствует о разнообразных факторах риска и неоднородной частоте тромбоэмболий у больных со злокачественными новообразованиями мочеполовой системы. Профилактика тромбоэмболий проводится на всех этапах лечения – амбулаторном, после хирургического вмешательства, во время химиотерапии, однако сопровождается достаточно высоким риском геморрагических осложнений и рецидивов. Прямые пероральные антикоагулянты являются альтернативой низкомолекулярному гепарину для профилактики рак-ассоциированных тромбоэмболий в связи с их удобством, эффективностью и безопасностью для большинства пациентов. Важной задачей является отбор пациентов для первичной тромбопрофилактики на основе стратификации риска тромбоэмболических осложнений с использованием прогностических шкал.

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