Комплексное гормонохимиолучевое лечение больных неметастатическим раком предстательной железы группы высокого и очень высокого риска прогрессирования

Введение. Лечение больных раком предстательной железы (РПЖ) группы высокого и очень высокого риска прогрессирования представляет большую сложность. Лучевая терапия в сочетании с длительной гормональной терапией (ГТ) играет ключевую роль, однако низкая эффективность лечения по сравнению с таковой в группе пациентов промежуточного и низкого риска прогрессирования вынуждает искать новые лечебные алгоритмы и подходы.

Цель работы – анализ существующих публикаций и обзоров касательно комплексного лечения как с включением химиотерапии, так и без него, а также различных видов лучевой терапии.

Оценка риска прогрессирования. Системы классификации и оценки риска прогрессирования предложены различными организациями (NCCN, NICE, ESMO, AUA, EAU и др.). Система классификации NCCN включает группу очень высокого риска (Т3b–4). В настоящее время принадлежность к группе высокого риска (EAU) определяется при стадии ≥ T2c, или при уровне простатического специфического антигена > 20 нг/мл, или при сумме баллов по шкале Глисона 8–10.

Лучевая терапия. Рекомендованная доза облучения составляет ≥ 74 Гр вне зависимости от группы риска. Низкий уровень 10-летней общей выживаемости при РПЖ высокого риска прогрессирования вынуждает искать более эффективные подходы терапии. ГТ. Применение режимов длительной (2–3 года) ГТ при РПЖ высокого риска прогрессирования не вызывает сомнений и является обязательным. Увеличение выживаемости без биохимического рецидива возможно при использовании антагонистов лютеинизирующего гормона рилизинг-гормона в долгосрочных режимах.

Внутритканевая лучевая терапия. Брахитерапия, как и сочетание ее с дистанционной лучевой терапией, показывает высокие результаты в отношении безрецидивной выживаемости. В группе высокого риска отмечается значительно более низкая выживаемость, поэтому возможно улучшение эффективности лечения при использовании длительной адъювантной ГТ и иной системной терапии. В настоящее время результаты подобных исследований не опубликованы.

Химиотерапия. Химиотерапия как часть комплексного лечения неметастатического гормоночувствительного РПЖ высокого и очень высокого риска прогрессирования является доказанно эффективным (увеличивая безрецидивную и общую выживаемость пациентов), но еще мало распространенным видом лечения.

Заключение. Обзоры, метаанализы и результаты рандомизированных исследований III фазы сообщают о преимуществах в отношении безрецидивной выживаемости при использовании мультимодального подхода с включением химиотерапии. Комбинация химиотерапии на основе таксанов, ГТ в виде антагонистов лютеинизирующего гормона рилизинг-гормона и лучевой терапии в виде брахитерапии или сочетанной терапии видится крайне перспективной и требующей дальнейшего изучения. 

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