Сравнительный анализ функциональных и онкологических результатов радикальной простатэктомии – позадилонной, лапароскопической и робот-ассистированной

Радикальная простатэктомия (РПЭ) является «золотым стандартом» лечения пациентов с клинически локализованным раком предстательной железы (РПЖ) и ожидаемой продолжительностью жизни более 10 лет.

В данной статье мы приводим обзор литературы, посвященной методам оперативного лечения РПЖ – позадилонной радикальной простатэктомии (РПП), лапароскопической (ЛРП) и робот-ассистированной (РАРП), а также сравнению их функциональных и онкологических результатов. Нами были отобраны и проанализированы 44 статьи, опубликованные в период с 1999 по 2013 г. Так, средняя кровопотеря во время проведения РПП, ЛРП, РАРП составила 935, 442 и 191 мл, гемотрансфузия потребовалась в 19,9; 6,3 и 4,6 % случаях соответственно. Говоря о функциональных результатах, отметим, что у пациентов после РАРП через 6 и 12 мес наблюдения полное удержание мочи отмечается в 89,1 и 92,7 % случаев соответственно.

Объективная оценка эректильной функции была затруднена в связи с малым объемом точных данных и отсутствием стандартного метода ее оценки. При оценке онкологическихрезультатов имело место статистически достоверное различие в количе- стве наблюдений положительного хирургического края у пациентов, перенесших РПП и ЛРП, по сравнению с РАРП в пользу последней.

Однако серьезным ограничением данных исследований являются отсутствие в большинстве случаев рандомизированного подхода и относительно небольшой период наблюдений, что не позволяет сделать однозначные выводы о преимуществе той или иной техники выполнения РПЭ.

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