Недифференцированная плеоморфная саркома предстательной железы: редкий клинический случай и систематический обзор данных литературы

Недифференцированная плеоморфная саркома предстательной железы является крайне редким новообразованием, насчитывающим менее 50 случаев. Клиническая манифестация заболевания неспецифическая и связана с инфравезикальной обструкцией. Для подавляющего большинства пациентов характерен нормальный уровень простатического специфического антигена, в то время как при ультразвуковом исследовании и магнитно-резонансной томографии удается визуализировать очаговые образования неправильной формы, часто распространяющиеся за пределы предстательной железы. Данная опухоль является гистологическим диагнозом исключения. Постановка диагноза требует исключить другие признаки специфической дифференцировки, кроме фибробластической и миофибробластической. Алгоритм ведения пациентов с плеоморфной саркомой предстательной железы ввиду чрезвычайной редкости заболевания отсутствует. Чаще всего при локализованных формах прибегают к выполнению радикальной лапароскопической простатэктомии, однако рассматриваются и варианты более агрессивного лечения, включая тотальную экзентерацию малого таза, химио- и лучевую терапию. После первичного лечения в большинстве случаев отмечается метастазирование. Метастазы чаще всего локализуются в прямой кишке, мочевом пузыре, зоне предыдущей операции, регионарных лимфатических узлах, легких, печени, костях и отдаленных лимфатических узлах, указывая тем самым на агрессивное течение и неблагоприятный прогноз.

В настоящей статье представлено собственное клиническое наблюдение пациента с подтвержденным диагнозом недифференцированной плеоморфной саркомы предстательной железы.

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