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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">886</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2018-14-4-16-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. RENAL CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак почки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A joint determination of gene expression and methylation for the diagnosis of clear cell renal cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Совместное определение экспрессии и метилирования генов для диагностики светлоклеточного почечно-клеточного рака</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4539-5424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Apanovich</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апанович</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Loginov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логинов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522; 8 Baltiyskaya St., Moscow 125315.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1; 125315 Москва, ул. Балтийская, 8.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8814-1331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Apanovich</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апанович</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-5484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5856-0017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazubskaya</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казубская</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-6043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamolov</surname><given-names>B. Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камолов</surname><given-names>Б. Ш.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камолов Баходур Шарифович - кандидат медицинских наук.</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><email>kamolov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5188-4094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Braga</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брага</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522; 8 Baltiyskaya St., Moscow 125315.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1; 125315 Москва, ул. Балтийская, 8.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-9527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478; Вuild. 5, 31 Lomonosovskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119192.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Матвеев Всеволод Борисович - член-корреспондент РАН, профессор, доктор медицинских наук.</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24; 119192 Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 31, корп. 5.</p><p> </p><p> </p></bio><email>vsevolodmatveev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-9116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpukhin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпухин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпухин Александр Васильевич - заведующий лабораторией<bold/>доктор биологических наук, профессор.</p><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1.</p></bio><email>karpukhin@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медико-генетический научный центр</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Факультет фундаментальной медицины Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-10-19"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-12-03"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/886">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/886</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent and most aggressive kidney cancer. Approximately 30 % at the initial diagnosis reveal distant metastases. This is due to the fact that kidney cancer in the early stages is asymptomatic. Very often (about 50 %), kidney cancer is detected by chance, during a routine examination or during treatment for other reasons. In this regard, the development of new methods of early diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma is actual. </p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The levels of mRNA expression and methylation of a number of genes in the surgical material of paired samples (normal kidney tissue and tumor, 21 clinical cases) were studied. Quantitative determination of gene expression was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction on a Step One Plus instrument (Applied Biosystems, USA) using TaqMan®Gene Expression Assays (Applied Biosystems, USA). High molecular DNA was isolated from tissue by phenol-chloroform extraction. Methyl-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed on a T100 Thermal Cycler amplifier (Bio-Rad, USA).</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. As a result of joint analysis of the levels of gene expression and methylation, a system of potentially diagnostic markers has been developed, including the determination of the expression of a number of protein coding genes and the hypermethylation of several miRNA genes in tumor samples. Simultaneous determination of expression and methylation allows for the correct identification of tumors as SCRV with a sensitivity of 95.24 % (95 % confidence interval 76.18–99.88 %) and specificity of 95.24 % (95 % confidence interval 76.18–99.88 %). </p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. According to the results of the study, a system was developed based on the determination of the expression levels of the CA9, HIG2, EGLN3,  NDUF4L2  genes and the methylation of the MIR9-1, MIR34b/c,  MIR124a-3,  MIR129-2.  Depending on the requirements for sensitivity, reliability of determination, or ease of implementation, various combinations of these genes are possible.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Светлоклеточный почечно-клеточный рак – самый частый и наиболее агрессивный рак почки. Примерно у 30 % пациентов при первичной постановке диагноза выявляют отдаленные метастазы. Это связано с тем, что рак почки на ранних стадиях протекает бессимптомно. Часто (~50 % случаев) рак почки выявляют случайно, при профилактическом осмотре или при обращении по другим причинам.  В связи с этим актуально  развитие  новых методов ранней диагностики  светлоклеточного почечно-клеточного рака.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Изучены уровни экспрессии матричной РНК и метилирования ряда генов в операционном материале парных образцов (нормальная ткань/опухоль почки; n = 21). Количественное определение экспрессии генов проводили с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени на приборе Step One Plus (Applied Biosystems, США) с использованием наборов TaqMan®Gene Expression Assays (Applied Biosystems, США). Высокомолекулярную ДНК выделяли из ткани методом фенол-хлороформной экстракции. Метилспецифичную полимеразную цепную реакцию проводили на амплификаторe T100 Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, США).</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В результате совместного анализа уровней экспрессии и метилирования генов разработана система потенциально диагностических маркеров, включающая определение экспрессии ряда белоккодирующих генов и гиперметилирования нескольких генов микроРНК в образцах опухоли. Одновременное определение экспрессии и метилирования позволяет проводить правильную идентификацию опухолей в качестве cветлоклеточного почечно-клеточного рака с чувствительностью 95,24 % (95 % доверительный интервал 76,18–99,88 %) и специфичностью 95,24 % (95 % доверительный интервал 76,18–99,88 %).</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. По результатам проведенного исследования разработана система, основанная на определении уровней экспрессии генов CA9, HIG2, EGLN3, NDUF4L2 и метилирования генов MIR9-1, MIR34b/c, MIR124a-3,  MIR129-2.  В зависимости от требований к чувствительности, надежности определения или простоте выполнения возможны различные сочетания указанных генов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>gene methylation</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>clear cell carcinoma</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>метилирование генов</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>светлоклеточный рак</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Muglia V.F., Prando A. Renal cell carcinoma: histological classification and correlation with imaging findings. Radiol Bras 2015;48(3):166—74. 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