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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">874</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2019-15-1-15-22</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. RENAL CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак почки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Soluble forms of the immune check-point receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 in blood serum of patients with renal cell carcinoma: clinical and pathologic correlations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Растворимые формы рецептора контрольной точки иммунитета PD-1 и его лиганда PD-L1 в сыворотке крови больных почечно-клеточным раком: клинико-морфологические корреляции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-4127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlinskii</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлинский</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>Николай Евгеньевич Кушлинский</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p>SPIN-код: 6225-1487</bio><email>kne3108@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3321-801X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gershtein</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герштейн</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена СергеевнаГерштейн.</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>esgershtein@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5522-291X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goryatcheva</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горячева</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Олеговна Горячева.</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>irina.goriacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-0801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, 61/2 Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Андреевич Морозов.</p><p>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2, корп. 1</p></bio><email>biochimia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3585-5693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alferov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алферов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Андреевич Алферов</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>aleksandr.alferov@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-9210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezhanova</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бежанова</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Дмитриевна Бежанова.</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>biochimia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-1513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantseva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, 61/2 Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Александровна Казанцева.</p><p>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2, корп. 1</p></bio><email>biochimia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-1001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базаев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, 61/2 Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Викторович Базаев.</p><p>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2, корп. 1</p></bio><email>biochimia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-9527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Всеволод Борисович Матвеев.</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>vsevolodmatveev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russiaatcheva1</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-03-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-09-20"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-01-23"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/874">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/874</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold>Renal cancer is one of the most immunosensitive oncologic diseases. A prominent breakthrough in this field was gained with the development of medications directed to the suppression of PD-1/PD-L immune check-point signaling pathway that in normal physiologic conditions controls autoimmune reactions. Tumor PD-1 and/or PD-L1 expression is investigated both as a predictor of corresponding immunotherapy efficiency, and as molecular markers of overall prognosis and patients’ survival. This goal could be also attained by the measure­ment of soluble forms of these proteins (sPD-1 иsPD-L1) in blood serum.</p><p><bold>Objective of the study</bold>— comparative evaluation ofsPD-1 and sPD-L1 content in blood serum of practically healthy persons and patients with renal cancer and benign kidney tumors; analysis of the associations between these markers and clinical and pathologic characteristics of renal cancer.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. 106 renal cancer (64 male and 42 female; age 33—81 years) and 11 patients with benign kidney tumors (3 male and 8 female; age 29—84 years) were included in the study. Control group comprised 19 men and 18 women of matching age. 57patients had stage I, 12 — II, 15 — III and 22 — stage IVrenal cancer. Serum sPD-L1 and sPD-1 concentrations were measured using standard enzyme immunoassay kits (Affimetrix, eBioscience, USA).</p><p>Results. sPD-L1 levels in blood serum of patients with primary renal cancer and benign tumors were significantly higher than in control (p &lt;0.0001 and p &lt;0.05 respectively). sPD-L1 level significantly increased with disease stage (p &lt;0.001), with T index increase from 1 to 3 declining at T4, was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastases (both N1, and N2) than in those without such lesions (N0); it was also increased in М+ patients, and in patients with grade III—IVin comparison to grade I—II tumors. sPD-1 levels did not differ sig­nificantly between study groups, did not depend on disease stage, presence of lymph node or distant metastases, but were decreased in patients with Т4 as compared to those with less advanced primary tumor, and were significantly lower in patients with clear-cell than in those with chromophobic or papillary histologic variants.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold><bold>.</bold> Serum sPD-L1 in renal cancer patients correlates with disease progression and tumor grade, and can be regarded as promising marker for monitoring of anti-PD1/PD-L1 treatment efficiency. Potential clinical implications of sPD-1 require further investigations and analysis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Рак почки — одно из наиболее иммуночувствительных онкологических заболеваний. Значительный прорыв в этой области произошел в результате создания препаратов, направленных на подавление сигнального пути контрольных точек иммунитета — PD-1/PD-L, контролирующего в физиологических условиях аутоиммунную реакцию. Экспрессию PD-1 и/или PD-L1 в опухоли изучают в качестве как предиктора эффективности соответствующей иммунотерапии, так и молекулярного маркера общего прогноза и выживаемости пациентов. С этой же целью можно использовать определение растворимых форм данных белков (sPD-1 и sPD-L1) в сыворотке крови.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — сравнительная оценка уровней содержания sPD-1 и sPD-L1 в сыворотке крови практически здоровых лиц, больных раком почки и пациентов с доброкачественными опухолями почки и анализ их взаимосвязи с основными клинико-морфологическими особенностями рака почки.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Обследовали 106 больных раком почки (64 мужчины и 42 женщины; возраст 33—81 год) и 11 пациентов с доброкачественными опухолями почки (3 мужчин и 8 женщин; возраст 29—84 года) почки. В контрольную группу вошли практически здоровые 19 мужчин и 18 женщин соответствующего возраста. У 57 больных диагностирована I, у 12 — II, у 15 — III и у 22 — IV стадия рака почки. Содержание sPD-L1 и sPD-1 в сыворотке крови определяли с помощью стандартных наборов для иммуноферментного анализа (Affimetrix, eBioscience, США).</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Содержание sPD-L1 в сыворотке крови первичных больных раком почки и пациентов с доброкачественными новообразованиями почки достоверно выше, чем у лиц контрольной группы (р &lt;0,0001 иp &lt;0,05). Уровень sPD-L1 достоверно возрастает с увеличением стадии заболевания (р &lt;0,001), индекса T от 1 до 3, снижаясь при T4, достоверно выше при наличии метастазов в лимфатических узлах (N1 или N2), чем у больных с N0, повышен при наличии отдаленных метастазов, а также при опухолях степени злокачественности G<sub>3</sub>_<sub>4</sub> по сравнению с G<sub>12</sub>. Уровни sPD-1 в обследованных группах достоверно неразличались, не зависели от стадии рака почки, наличия метастазов в лимфатических узлах и отдаленных органах, но снижались при Т4, по сравнению с показателями пациентов с менее распространенной первичной опухолью, и были достоверно ниже при светлоклеточном гистологическом варианте рака почки, чем при хромофобном и папиллярном.</p><p>Заключение. Уровень sPD-L1 при раке почки коррелирует с распространенностью процесса и степенью злокачественности опухоли и может рассматриваться в качестве перспективного маркера для мониторинга эффективности анти-PD1/PD-L1-терапии. Вопрос о клиническом значении sPD-1 требует дальнейшего изучения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune check-point proteins</kwd><kwd>sPD-L1</kwd><kwd>sPD-1</kwd><kwd>renal-cell cancer</kwd><kwd>blood serum</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>белки контрольных точек иммунитета</kwd><kwd>sPD-L1</kwd><kwd>sPD-1</kwd><kwd>почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>сыворотка крови</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ainsworth N.L., Lee J.S., Eisen T. Impact of anti-angiogenic treatments on metastatic renal cell carcinoma. 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