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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">804</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2018-14-2-142-154</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. URINARY BLADDER CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак мочевого пузыря</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunohistochemical characteristics of bladder cancer in patients with virus-positive tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммуногистохимические аспекты рака мочевого пузыря на фоне вирусной инфекции.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-0583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Urology and Surgical Andrology RMAPE; <italic>Department of Urology, V.P. Demikhov City Clinical Hospital</italic> </p><p><italic>Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра урологии и хирургической андрологии РМАНПО; Урологическое отделение ГКБ имени В.П. Демихова</p><p><italic>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic> </p></bio><email>kosovainga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-1511</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Loran</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лоран</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Urology and Surgical Andrology </p><p><italic>Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра урологии и хирургической андрологии </p><p><italic><italic>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic> body&gt; span&gt;</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyakova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синякова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Urology and Surgical Andrology </p><p><italic>Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра урологии и хирургической андрологии</p><p><italic><italic>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic> body&gt; span&gt;</italic></p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gundorova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гундорова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Патологоанатомическое отделение </p><p><italic>109263 Москва, ул. Шкулева, 4</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>46 Nyuvchimskoe Shosse, Krasnozadonskiy Settlement, Syktyvkar, Republic of Komi 167904</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Республика Коми, 167904 Сыктывкар,пос. Краснозадонский, Нювчимское шоссе, 46</italic></p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogodina</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погодина</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>15 Danilova St.</italic><italic>, Cherepovets</italic><italic> 162602</italic></p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbasov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбасов</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Urology </p><p><italic>; 4 Shkuleva St., Moscow 109263</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.P. Demikhov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">отделение ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени В.П. Демихова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.P. Demikhov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени В.П. Демихова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Komi Republican Oncology Dispensary</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Коми республиканский онкологический диспансер»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vologda Regional Clinical Hospital No.</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ ВО «Вологодская областная клиническая больница № 2»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.P. Demikhov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff8"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени В.П. Демихова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-03-31"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-06-15"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/804">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/804</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background. </italic></bold><italic>Viral infection is a major factor in virus-associated carcinogenesis.<bold/></italic></p><p><bold><italic>Objective: </italic></bold><italic>to evaluate the expression of growth factors and markers of apoptosis, proliferative activity, and angiogenesis in patients with viral DNA-positive bladder cancer.<bold/></italic></p><p><bold><italic>Materials and methods. </italic></bold><italic>The study included 100 bladder cancer patients (72 males and 28 females) aged between 38 and 90 years (mean age 65 ± 10). Tumor tissue samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction to detect DNA of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2 respectively), high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein—Barr virus (EBV). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 32 patients and included the following markers: proliferation marker Ki-67, p63, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, p53, angiogenesis marker CD31, adhesion protein CD44, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).<bold/></italic></p><p><bold><italic>Results</italic></bold><italic>. Viral DNA in tumor tissue was detected in 34 patients; of them, 50 % had poorly-differentiated tumors. Twenty-seven patients were found to have EBV DNA in their tumor tissue; 6 patients had CMV DNA; 5 patients had high-risk HPV DNA (types 16, 39, 45, 52, and 59); 1 patient had HSV1 and HSV2 DNA. Four out of 34 participants had mixed infections (1 case of HPV 59 + EBV; 2 cases of EBV + CMV; 1 case of CMV + EBV + HPV 31 and 52). We observed a strong correlation between the presence of EBV DNA and levels of CD31 and Ki-67 expression as well as between high-risk HPV DNA and Bcl-2 expression. High levels of antibodies against EBV capsid antigen were associated with EGFR and Ki-67 expression, whereas the level of antibodies against EBV nuclear antigen correlated with CD44 expression. We evaluated specific characteristics of expression of the markers analyzed depending on the tumor stage, grade of anaplasia, and recurrence. We also assessed morphological characteristics of changes in lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrates.<bold/></italic></p><p><bold><italic>Conclusion. </italic></bold><italic>We found a correlation between the presence of viral DNA in bladder cancer tissue and markers of proliferative activity, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Viral infection is likely to increase proliferative activity and suppression of apoptosis, which may cause tumor progression. Further studies are needed to assess this correlation.<bold/></italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Цель исследования </italic></bold><italic>— изучить особенности маркеров апоптоза, пролиферативной активности, ангиогенеза, ростовых факторов у больных раком мочевого пузыря с наличием вирусной ДНК в опухолевой ткани.<bold/></italic></p><p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы. </italic></bold><italic>Проведены обследование и лечение 100 больных, страдающих раком мочевого пузыря (72 мужчин и 28 женщин), в возрасте 38–90 лет (средний возраст 65 ± 10 лет). Выполнена полимеразная цепная реакция ткани опухоли — диагностика наличия вируса простого герпеса 1-го и 2-го типов, вируса папилломы человека (ВПЧ) высокого онкогенного риска, цитомегаловируса (ЦМВ), вируса Эпштейна—Барр (ВЭБ). Иммуногистохимическое исследование выполнено 32 больным, определяли следующие показатели: маркеры пролиферативной активности Ki-67, p63, маркеры супрессора опухолевого роста Bcl-2, p53, маркер ангиогенеза CD31, маркер адгезии CD44, рецептор эпидермального фактора роста (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR).<bold/></italic></p><p><bold><italic>Результаты. </italic></bold><italic>Наличие вирусных ДНК в ткани опухоли выявлено у 34 больных, из них 50 % опухолей являлись низкодифференцированными. У 27 больных обнаружено наличие ДНК ВЭБ в опухоли, у 6 — ЦМВ, у 5 — ВПЧ высокого онкогенного риска (16, 39, 45, 52, 59-го типов), у 1 — вируса простого герпеса 1-го и 2-го типов. У 4 из 34 пациентов выявлено ДНК нескольких вирусов (в 1 случае — ВПЧ 59-го типа + ВЭБ, в 2 — ВЭБ + ЦМВ, в 1 — ЦМВ + ВЭБ + ВПЧ 31-го, 52-го типов). У пациентов с наличием вирусных ДНК в опухолевой ткани обнаружены высокие коррелятивные связи наличия ДНК ВЭБ с экспрессией CD31, Ki-67 и наличия ДНК ВПЧ высокого онкогенного риска с экспрессией Bcl-2. Высокие уровни анти-ВЭБ капсидных антител коррелировали с экспрессией EGFR, Ki-67, нуклеарных — с CD44. Выявлены особенности экспрессии исследуемых маркеров в зависимости от стадии процесса, степени анаплазии, рецидивного характера поражения. Отмечены морфологические особенности изменения лимфоцитарно-плазмоцитарного звена.<bold/></italic></p><p><bold><italic>Заключение. </italic></bold><italic>Выявлены коррелятивные связи наличия вирусных ДНК в опухолевой ткани мочевого пузыря с маркерами пролиферативной активности, ангиогенеза и факторов апоптоза. Предположительно вирусная инфекция усиливает пролиферативную активность и супрессию факторов апоптоза, что способствует неблагоприятному течению опухолевого процесса. Требуется продолжение исследования.<bold/></italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>viral infection</kwd><kwd>Epstein—Barr virus</kwd><kwd>cytomegalovirus</kwd><kwd>human papillomavirus high-risk types</kwd><kwd>viral infection herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>вирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>вирус Эпштейна-Барр (ВЭБ)</kwd><kwd>цитомегаловирус (ЦМВ)</kwd><kwd>вирус папилломы человека высокого онкогенного риска (ВПЧ)</kwd><kwd>вирусы простого герпеса 1 и 2 типов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование неспонсируемое</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Eble J.N., Sauter G., Epstein J.I., Sesterhenn I.A. Tumors of the Urinary system and Male Genital Organs. 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