Cancer UrologyCancer UrologyОнкоурология1726-97761996-1812Publishing House ABV Press79910.17650/1726-9776-2018-14-1-36-46DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. RENAL CANCERДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак почкиComparison of the significance of the RENAL, PADUA, and C-index nephrometric scales for the prediction of the complexity of laparoscopic nephrectomyСравнение значимости шкал нефрометрической оценки RENAL, PADUA, С-index для прогноза сложности лапароскопической резекции почкиAlyaevYu. G.АляевЮ. Г.
Russian Federation

Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6419-0155SirotaE. S.СиротаЕ. С.
Russian Federation

Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

Евгений Сергеевич Сирота.

119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

essirota@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7787-1240RapoportL. M.РапопортЛ. М.
Russian Federation

Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-5962BezrukovE. A.БезруковЕ. А.
Russian Federation

Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-6108SukhanovR. B.СухановР. Б.
Russian Federation

Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-8759TsarichenkoD. G.ЦариченкоД. Г.
Russian Federation

Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России3003201814136461203201815032018https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/799

Objective: to compare the predictive value of RENAL, PADUA, C-index nephrometry score systems according to projection of complexity  of operative measure in terms of warm ischaemic time, extent of blood loss and rate of postoperative complications.

Materials and methods. Information for the research was collected from 314 patients with localized kidney cancer, who had laparoscopic partial nephrectomy from January 2012 to May 2017. In 210 (66.8 %) cases, in addition to the routine examinations, 3D modelling and operative measure planning were carried out. The average tumor volume of the patients was equal to 62.5 ± 33.5 mm3. All patients before  the operation were estimated the complexity of operative measure on the nephrometry score systems: PADUA, RENAL, C-index. The average sum of balls according to scale RENAL – 7.56 ± 1.12, on scale PADUA – 7.98 ± 1.55, on scale C-index – 2.76 ± 1.14. Then in retrospect by the method of logistic regression analysis was determined predictive value of RENAL, PADUA, C-index nephrometry score systems for prediction of warm ischaemic time, duration of operative measure, extent of intraoperative blood loss and possibility of rate of postoperative complications.

Results. In 265 (84.4) cases transperitoneal approach was perfomed and in 49 (15.6 %) cases it was retroperitoneal approach. The average time of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is 140.15 ± 55.8 min, the average time of ischaemic warm is 13.35 ± 7,65 min. The average extent of blood loss during the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is 291.95 ± 196.5 ml. Intraoperative complications were found in 8 (2.54 %) cases. Postoperative complications were estimated according to the Clavien–Dindo classification of surgical complications and were found in 31  (9.9 %) cases, among them 12 (3.8 %) patients had surgical complications. The index of the RENAL nephrometry scoring system had the highest predictive value in the multivariant analysis for warm ischaemic time, extent of intraoperative blood loss and possibility of development after complications (p = 0.049; 0.028; 0.046). None of indices were significant for multivariant analysis of prognosis the duration of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The indices  of the RENAL (p = 0.032) and C-index (p = 0.040) nephrometry score systems were significant for univariate analysis of prognosis the duration of the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Conclusion. The usage of RENAL, PADUA, C-index nephrometry score systems is useful for the prediction of warm ischaemic time, extent  of blood loss, duration of operative measure and possibility of rate of postoperative complications at laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. According to our data the index of RENAL nephrometry scoring system has the highest predictive value. Applications of 3D modelling for counting nephrometry indices in preoperative period makes the process of counting balls easier on all three nephrometry score systems.

Цель исследования – сравнить предикторную ценность нефрометрических шкал RENAL, PADUA, С-index в прогнозе сложности хирургического вмешательства по показателям времени тепловой ишемии, объема кровопотери, длительности операции и вероятности развития послеоперационных осложнений.

Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 314 пациентов с локализованным раком почки с выполненными лапароскопическими резекциями почки (ЛРП) в период с января 2012 г. по май 2017 г. Кроме стандартных методов обследования в 210 (66,8 %) наблюдениях были проведены трехмерное моделирование и планирование предстоящего оперативного вмешательства. Средний абсолютный объем опухоли у пациентов составил 62,5 ± 33,5 мм3. Всем больным перед вмешательством был выполнен анализ сложности планируемой операции по шкалам нефрометрической оценки: RENAL, PADUA и C-index. Средняя сумма баллов по шкале RENAL составила 7,56 ± 1,12, по шкале PADUA – 7,98 ± 1,55, среднее значение С-index – 2,76 ± 1,14. В дальнейшем ретроспективно с помощью метода логистического регрессионного анализа была определена предикторная значимость нефрометрических шкал (RENAL, PADUA, C-index) в целях прогноза продолжительности тепловой ишемии, длительности хирургического вмешательства, величины интраоперационной кровопотери и вероятности развития послеоперационных осложнений.

Результаты. В 265 (84,4 %) наблюдениях выполнен трансперитонеальный доступ, в 49 (15,6 %) – ретроперитонеальный. Средняя длительность выполнения ЛРП 140,15 ± 55,8 мин, тепловой ишемии – 13,35 ± 7,65 мин. Средняя величина кровопотери при ЛРП – 291,95 ± 196,5 мл. Интраоперационные осложнения имели место у 8 (2,54 %) пациентов. Послеоперационные осложнения были оценены по классификации хирургических осложнений Clavien–Dindo и были установлены у 31 (9,9 %) больного, из них хирургические осложнения отмечены у 12 (3,8 %). Наибольшей прогностической значимостью при многофакторном анализе для длительности тепловой ишемии, величины интраоперационной кровопотери и вероятности развития послеоперационных осложнений обладал индекс шкалы RENAL (p = 0,049; 0,028; 0,046 соответственно). При многофакторном анализе прогноза для продолжительности ЛРП ни один из индексов не был достоверен. При однофакторном анализе прогноза длительности ЛРП были достоверны индексы шкал RENAL (p = 0,032) и C-index (p = 0,040).

Заключение. Использование нефрометрических шкал RENAL, PADUA и C-index полезно в целях прогноза длительности тепловой ишемии, объема кровопотери, продолжительности операции и вероятности развития послеоперационных осложнений при ЛРП. Наибольшей прогностической ценностью, по нашим данным, обладает индекс шкалы RENAL. Применение трехмерного моделирования для расчета нефрометрических индексов в предоперационном периоде упрощает процесс подсчета баллов по всем 3 нефрометрическим шкалам.3D technologiesvirtual surgical planningkidney cancerlaparoscopypartial nephrectomyRENAL scorePADUA scoreC-index scoreтрехмерные технологиивиртуальное планированиерак почкилапароскопиярезекция почкишкала RENALшкала PADUAшкала С-indexLjungberg B., Bensalah K., Canfield S. et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2014 update. Eur Urol 2015;67(5):913–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.01.005. PMID: 25616710.Ljungberg B., Bensalah K., Canfield S. et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2014 update. 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