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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">706</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2017-13-3-103-109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. URINARY BLADDER CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак мочевого пузыря</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Palliative radiation therapy of bladder cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Паллиативная лучевая терапия рака мочевого пузыря</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8163-8406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gumenetskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуменецкая</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Korolyova St., Obninsk 249031, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая радиологическим отделением</p><p>Россия, 249031 Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4</p></bio><email>dmitrvk2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mardynskiy</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мардынский</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Korolyova St., Obninsk 249031, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 249031 Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karyakin</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карякин</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Korolyova St., Obninsk 249031, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 249031 Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский радиологический научный центр им А. Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-07-21"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-08-25"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/706">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/706</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> One of the problems of urologic oncology is that patients with bladder cancer (BC) show up late for appointments, which leads to increased numbers of patients with advanced cancer stages accompanied by symptoms considerably reducing their quality of life. In most similar cases, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) may be given with palliative intent to lessen or relieve the local symptoms of disease and to deliver the highest possible dose of radiation to bladder tumor.<bold/></p><p><bold>Objective</bold>: to assess the efficacy and toxicity of palliative EBRT in patients with BC.<bold/></p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Outcomes of palliative EBRT that had been given to 103 patients with BC were analyzed. Poor somatic health status of these patients caused by underlying disease or accompanying pathology made radical treatment impossible.<bold/></p><p><bold>Results.</bold> During EBRT treatment, hematuria was stopped in 56 (72.7 %) and reduced in 21 (27.3 %) patients. After completing EBRT, bladder pain syndrome was relieved in 13 (76.5 %) of 17 patients, but in 1 patient the pain got worse, and in 3 (17.6 %) patients no changes in this symptom occurred. Acute bladder reactions were observed in 37 (35.9 %) patients: grade I–II (RTOG) in 32 (31.1 %) patients and grade III–IV in 5 (4.8 %) patients. Acute grade I–II rectitis was noted in 10 (9.7 %) patients. Late grade I–II bladder complications (RTOG/EORTC) occurred in 16 (15.5 %) patients, and late rectal complications in 2 (1.9 %) patients. Due to relief of local symptoms and improvement of somatic health status in 16 (15.5 %) patients, it was possible to perform radical treatment for BC. At 12 months after treatment, objective tumor response was achieved in 34 (33.0 %) and stable disease in 14 (13.6 %) BC patients.<bold/></p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Radiation therapy is an effective method of palliative care of patients with advanced BC and marked local symptoms. In most cases, EBRT can help stop or reduce hematuria and pain as well as improve quality of patient life. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods of effective palliative care for patients with complicated advanced BC. A personalized approach to optimize programs palliative treatment of BC is a promising direction for further research.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Одной из проблем онкоурологии является поздняя обращаемость больных раком мочевого пузыря (РМП), что ведет к увеличению числа пациентов с распространенными стадиями заболевания, сопровождающимися симптомами, значительно снижающими качество жизни. В большинстве подобных случаев возможным методом паллиативного лечения может быть дистанционная лучевая терапия (ДЛТ), целью которой является уменьшение или купирование местных симптомов заболевания, а также максимально возможное в таких случаях терапевтическое воздействие на опухоль мочевого пузыря.<bold/></p><p><bold>Цель работы</bold> – анализ эффективности и токсичности паллиативной ДЛТ у больных РМП.<bold/></p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проанализированы результаты паллиативной ДЛТ у 103 больных РМП, которым выполнение лечения в радикальном объеме было невозможным из-за низкого соматического статуса, обусловленного развитием основного заболевания или наличием сопутствующей патологии.<bold/></p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В процессе ДЛТ купирование гематурии наблюдали у 56 (72,7 %) и ее уменьшение – у 21 (27,3 %) пациента. Уменьшение болевого синдрома в области мочевого пузыря отмечено у 13 (76,5 %) из 17 больных, усиление боли – у 1 пациента, а у 3 (17,6 %) больных не наблюдали динамики со стороны данного симптома по окончании ДЛТ. Острые реакции со стороны мочевого пузыря выявлены в 37 (35,9 %) случаях, при этом I–II степеней (RTOG) – у 32 (31,1 %), III–IV степеней – у 5 (4,8 %) пациентов. Острые ректиты I–II степеней тяжести были отмечены у 10 (9,7 %) больных. Поздние осложнения со стороны мочевого пузыря I–II степеней (RTOG/EORTC) наблюдали у 16 (15,5 %) пациентов, прямой кишки – у 2 (1,9 %) больных. В 16 (15,5 %) случаях вследствие купирования местных симптомов заболевания и улучшения соматического статуса удалось продолжить лечение РМП до радикального объема. Через 12 мес объективный ответ опухоли на лечение наблюдали у 34 (33,0 %) больных РМП, стабилизацию заболевания – у 14 (13,6 %).<bold/></p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Лучевая терапия является эффективным методом паллиативной помощи больным распространенными формами РМП и с выраженными местными симптомами заболевания. Проведение ДЛТ в большинстве случаев позволяет достичь купирования или уменьшения гематурии и болевого синдрома, улучшить качество жизни больных, что обусловливает востребованность развития методов эффективной паллиативной помощи больным с распространенными и осложненными формами РМП. Персонализированный подход в целях оптимизации программ паллиативного лечения РМП представляется перспективным направлением для дальнейших исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>radiation therapy</kwd><kwd>palliative treatment</kwd><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>паллиативное лечение</kwd><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Efstathiou J. A., Zietman A. L., Coen J. J., Shipley W. U. Bladder cancer. In book: Clinical radiation oncology. 3rd edn. Eds. L. L. Gunderson, J. E. Tepper. Philadelphia: Elsevier saunders, 2012. Pp. 1099–1123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Efstathiou J. A., Zietman A. L., Coen J. J., Shipley W. U. Bladder cancer. In book: Clinical radiation oncology. 3rd edn. Eds. L. L. Gunderson, J. E. Tepper. 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