Cancer UrologyCancer UrologyОнкоурология1726-97761996-1812Publishing House ABV Press48310.17650/1726-9776-2015-11-3-16-23LECTUREЛЕКЦИЯGenetic predisposition markers for prostate cancerГенетические маркеры предрасположенности к возникновению рака предстательной железыKanaevaM. D.КанаеваМ. Д.
Russian Federation
kanaeva.masha@yandex.ruOrobtsovaI. E.ВоробцоваИ. Е.
Russian Federation
Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий» Минздрава России70, Leningradskaya St., Pesochnyi Settlement, Saint Petersburg 197758, RussiaРоссия, 197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 703009201511316232309201523092015https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/483

Prostate cancer (PC), like most cancers, belongs to multifactorial diseases arising from an interaction between environmental factors andan individual’s genotype. The paper reviews the literature on the genetic predisposition to PC, which is determined by both rare gene mutations with high penetrance and inherited polymorphic genetic variants with low penetrance. The paper considers the clinical aspects of genetic predisposition to PC, among other factors, the need for male screening for both types of genetic abnormalities to assess the risk of this cancer.

Рак предстательной железы (РПЖ), как и большинство онкологических патологий, относится к мультифакториальным заболеваниям, возникающим в результате взаимодействия средовых факторов и индивидуальных особенностей генотипа. Статья посвящена обзору литературы по наследственной предрасположенности к РПЖ, обусловленной как редко встречающимися мутациями генов с высокой пенетрантностью, так и наследуемыми полиморфными вариантами генов с низкой пенетрантностью. Рассмотрены клинические аспекты наличия наследственной предрасположенности к РПЖ, в частности необходимость скрининга мужчин на предмет наличия у них обоих типов наследственных нарушений для оценки риска развития данной онкопатологии.

prostate cancergenetic predispositionfamilial analysistwin studysegregation analysismappingmolecular genetic markersgene mutationsrare germline mutationshighly penetrant genespolymorphic variantslowly penetrant genesrisk of cancerрак предстательной железынаследственная предрасположенностьсемейный анализблизнецовый методсегрегационный анализкартированиемолекулярно-генетические маркерымутации геновредкие зародышевые мутациивысоко- пенетрантные гены1. Алексеев Б.Я. Гормональная терапия в комбинированном лечении рака предстательной железы. Вместе против рака 2004;(3):35–8. [Alexeyev B.Ya. Hormone Therapy in Combined Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Together Against Cancer (Vmeste Protiv Raka) 2004;(3):35–8. (In Russ.)].Алексеев Б.Я. Гормональная терапия в комбинированном лечении рака предстательной железы. Вместе против рака 2004;(3):35–8. [Alexeyev B.Ya. Hormone Therapy in Combined Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Together Against Cancer (Vmeste Protiv Raka) 2004;(3):35–8. (In Russ.)].2. 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