<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">450</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2015-11-2-23-33</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Neoadjuvant targeted therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неоадъювантная таргетная терапия у больных почечно-клеточным раком</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>B. Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>Б. Я.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nyushko</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нюшко</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalpinsky</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калпинский</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.Kalpinskiy@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Branch, National Medical Research Radiology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский радиологический центр» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">3, Second Botkinsky Pr., Moscow 125284, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Россия, 125284, Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-06-18"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2015-06-18"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/450">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/450</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cytoreductive nephrectomy as an independent option in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) cannot be considered as the only effective method, with rare exception, of a few patients with solitary metastases. Cytoreductive nephrectomy is now part of a multimodal approach encompassing surgical treatment and systemic drug therapy. Many retrospective and two prospective studies have demonstrated that it is expedient to perform cytoreductive nephrectomy. Immunotherapy should not be used as preoperatively in the era of cytokine therapy for mRCC due to that fact that it has no impact on primary tumor. In the current targeted therapy era, many investigators have concentrated attentionon the role of neoadjuvant targeted therapy for the treatment of patients with both localized and locally advanced mRCC. The potential benefits of neoadjuvant therapy for localized and locally advanced RCC include to make surgery easier and to increase the possibility of organsparing treatment, by decreasing the stage of primary tumor and the size of tumors. The possible potential advantages of neoadjuvant targeted therapy in patients with mRCC include prompt initiation of necessary systemic therapy; identification of patients with primary refractory tumors; and a preoperative reduction in the stage of primary tumor. Numerous retrospective and some prospective phase II studies have shown that neoadjuvant targeted therapy in patients with localized and locally advanced RCC is possible and tolerable and surgical treatment after neoadjuvant targeted therapy is safe and executable with a low incidence of complications. If neoadjuvant therapy is to be performed, it should be done within 2–4 months before surgery. Sorafenib and sunitinib are now most tested and suitable for neoadjuvant targeted therapy. Sorafenib is a more preferred drug due to its shorter half-life and accordingly to the possibility of discontinuing the drug immediately prior to surgery. Unquestionably, elaboration of precise recommendations for neoadjuvant therapy calls for further larger prospective studies estimating progression and survival rates in high-risk patients with localized and locally advanced RCC and in those with mRCC.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Циторедуктивная нефрэктомия у больных метастатическим почечно-клеточным раком (мПКР) в самостоятельном варианте не может рассматриваться как единственный эффективный метод лечения, за редким исключением немногих больных с солитарными метастазами. В настоящее время циторедуктивная нефрэктомия является частью мультимодального подхода, сочетающего в себе хирургическое лечение и системную лекарственную терапию. Целесообразность выполнения циторедуктивной нефрэктомии продемонстрирована во многих ретроспективных и 2 проспективных исследованиях. В связи с отсутствием влияния иммунотерапии на первичную опухоль ее не использовали в качестве предоперационной в эру цитокиновой терапии мПКР. В настоящее время, в эру таргетной терапии, внимание многих исследователей сосредоточилось на роли неоадъювантной таргетной терапии в лечении больных как локализованным и местно-распространенным раком, так и мПКР. К потенциальным преимуществам неоадъювантной терапии при локализованном и местно-распространенном ПКР относят облегчение оперативного вмешательства и увеличение возможности выполнения органосберегающего лечения за счет снижения стадии первичной опухоли и уменьшения размера опухолей. К потенциальным преимуществам неоадъювантной таргетной терапии у больных мПКР относят: быстрое начало необходимой системной терапии, выявление пациентов с первично-рефрактерными опухолями и снижение стадии первичной опухоли перед операцией. Согласно данным многочисленных ретроспективных и нескольких проспективных исследований II фазы, неоадъювантная таргетная терапия у больных локализованным и местно-распространенным ПКР возможна и переносима, а хирургическое лечение после неоадъювантной таргетной терапии является безопасным и выполнимым с низкой частотой осложнений. В случае применения неоадъювантной терапии желательно назначение терапии в течение 2–4 мес до оперативного вмешательства. В настоящее время наиболее исследованными и подходящими для неоадъювантной таргетной терапии препаратами являются сорафениб и сунитиниб. Сорафениб представляется более предпочтительным препаратом в связи с более коротким периодом полувыведения и, соответственно, возможностью отмены непосредственно перед проведением оперативного вмешательства. Несомненно, для выработки четких рекомендаций по неоадъювантной терапии необходимо проведение дальнейших более крупных проспективных исследований, направленных на оценку частоты прогрессирования заболевания и выживаемости больных при локализованном и местно-распространенном ПКР высокого риска и больных мПКР.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>metastatic renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>cytoreductive nephrectomy</kwd><kwd>radical nephrectomy</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>sorafenib</kwd><kwd>sunitinib</kwd><kwd>bevacizumab</kwd><kwd>axitinib</kwd><kwd>pazopanib</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant targeted therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>метастатический почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>циторедуктивная нефрэктомия</kwd><kwd>радикальная нефрэктомия</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>сорафениб</kwd><kwd>сунитиниб</kwd><kwd>бевацизумаб</kwd><kwd>акситиниб</kwd><kwd>пазопаниб</kwd><kwd>неоадъювантная таргетная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. International Agency for Research on Cancer. The GLOBOCAN project: cancer incidence and mortality worldwide in 2012. Доступно по адресу: http://globocan.iarc.fr/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Agency for Research on Cancer. The GLOBOCAN project: cancer incidence and mortality worldwide in 2012. Доступно по адресу: http://globocan.iarc.fr/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2013 году: заболеваемость и смертность. Под ред. А. Д. Каприна, В. В. Старинского, Г. В. Петровой. М., 2015. [Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2013: morbidity and mortality. Ed. A. D. Caprin, V. V. Starinskiy, G. V. Petrova. Moscow, 2015. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2013 году: заболеваемость и смертность. Под ред. А. Д. Каприна, В. В. Старинского, Г. В. Петровой. М., 2015. [Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2013: morbidity and mortality. Ed. A. D. Caprin, V. V. Starinskiy, G. V. Petrova. Moscow, 2015. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">3. Flanigan R.C., Yonover P.M. The role of radical nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Semin Urol Oncol</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flanigan R.C., Yonover P.M. The role of radical nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Semin Urol Oncol</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2001;19(2):98–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">;19(2):98–102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">4. Bex A., Powles T. Selecting patients for cytoreductive nephrectomy in advanced renal cell carcinoma: who and when. Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther 2012; 12(6):787–97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bex A., Powles T. Selecting patients for cytoreductive nephrectomy in advanced renal cell carcinoma: who and when. Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther 2012; 12(6):787–97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">5. Flanigan R. C., Salmon S. E., Blumenstein B. A. et al. Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renalcell cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;345(23):1655–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flanigan R. C., Salmon S. E., Blumenstein B. A. et al. Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renalcell cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;345(23):1655–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">6. Mickisch G. H., Garin A., Van Poppel H. et al. Radical nephrectomy plus interferonalfa- based immunotherapy compared with interferon alfa alone in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001;358(9286):966–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mickisch G. H., Garin A., Van Poppel H. et al. Radical nephrectomy plus interferonalfa- based immunotherapy compared with interferon alfa alone in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001;358(9286):966–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">7. Flanigan R. C., Mickisch G., Sylvester R. et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cancer: a combined analysis. J Urol 2004;171:1071–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flanigan R. C., Mickisch G., Sylvester R. et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cancer: a combined analysis. J Urol 2004;171:1071–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">8. Motzer R. J., Bukowski R. M., Figlin R. A. et al. Prognostic nomogram for sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2008;113(7): 1552–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Motzer R. J., Bukowski R. M., Figlin R. A. et al. Prognostic nomogram for sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2008;113(7): 1552–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">9. Wood C. G. Multimodal approaches in the management of locally advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma: combining surgery and systemic therapies to improve patient outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 13(2 Pt 2):697–702.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood C. G. Multimodal approaches in the management of locally advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma: combining surgery and systemic therapies to improve patient outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 13(2 Pt 2):697–702.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">10. Zini L., Capitanio U., Perrotte P. et al. Population-based assessment of survival after cytoreductive nephrectomy versus no surgery in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Urology 2009;73(2): 342–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zini L., Capitanio U., Perrotte P. et al. Population-based assessment of survival after cytoreductive nephrectomy versus no surgery in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Urology 2009;73(2): 342–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">11. Choueiri T. K., Xie W., Kollmannsberger C. et al. The impact of cytoreductive nephrectomy on survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy. J Urol 2011;185(1):60–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choueiri T. K., Xie W., Kollmannsberger C. et al. The impact of cytoreductive nephrectomy on survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy. J Urol 2011;185(1):60–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">12. Warren M., Venner P. M., North S. et al. A population-based study examining the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Alberta and the role of nephrectomy prior to treatment. Can Urol Assoc J 2001;3(4):281–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warren M., Venner P. M., North S. et al. A population-based study examining the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Alberta and the role of nephrectomy prior to treatment. Can Urol Assoc J 2001;3(4):281–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">13. Aben K. K., Heskamp S., Janssen-Heijnen M. L. et al. Better survival in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer 2011;47(13):2023–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aben K. K., Heskamp S., Janssen-Heijnen M. L. et al. Better survival in patients with metastasised kidney cancer after nephrectomy: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer 2011;47(13):2023–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">14. Kutikov A., Uzzo R. G., Caraway A. et al. Use of systemic therapy and factors affecting survival for patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy. BJU Int 2010;106(2):218–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kutikov A., Uzzo R. G., Caraway A. et al. Use of systemic therapy and factors affecting survival for patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy. BJU Int 2010;106(2):218–23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">15. Abdollah F., Sun M., Thuret R. et al. Mortality and morbidity after cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a population-based study. Ann Surg Oncol 2011;18(10):2988–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdollah F., Sun M., Thuret R. et al. Mortality and morbidity after cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a population-based study. Ann Surg Oncol 2011;18(10):2988–96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">16. Mizutani Y. Recent advances in molecular targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Int J Urol 2009;16:444–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mizutani Y. Recent advances in molecular targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Int J Urol 2009;16:444–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">17. Sonpavde G., Sternberg C. N. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy for urological malignancies. BJU Int 2010;106:6–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sonpavde G., Sternberg C. N. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy for urological malignancies. BJU Int 2010;106:6–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">18. Shuch B., Riggs S. B., LaRochelle J.C. et al. Neoadjuvant targeted therapy and advanced kidney cancer: observations and implications for a new treatment paradigm. BJU Int 2008;102:692–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shuch B., Riggs S. B., LaRochelle J.C. et al. Neoadjuvant targeted therapy and advanced kidney cancer: observations and implications for a new treatment paradigm. BJU Int 2008;102:692–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">19. Schrader A. J., Steffens S., Schnoeller T. J. et al. Neoadjuvant therapy of renal cell carcinoma: A novel treatment option in the era of targeted therapy? Int J Urol 2012;19:903–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schrader A. J., Steffens S., Schnoeller T. J. et al. Neoadjuvant therapy of renal cell carcinoma: A novel treatment option in the era of targeted therapy? Int J Urol 2012;19:903–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">20. Silberstein J. L., Millard F., Mehrazin R. et al. Feasibility and efficacy of neoadjuvant sunitinib before nephron-sparing surgery. BJU Int 2010;106:1270–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silberstein J. L., Millard F., Mehrazin R. et al. Feasibility and efficacy of neoadjuvant sunitinib before nephron-sparing surgery. BJU Int 2010;106:1270–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">21. Hellenthal N. J., Underwood W., Penetrante R. et al. Prospective clinical trial of preoperative sunitinib in patients with renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2010;184:859–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hellenthal N. J., Underwood W., Penetrante R. et al. Prospective clinical trial of preoperative sunitinib in patients with renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2010;184:859–64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">22. Bex A., van der Veldt A. A., Blank C. et al. Neoadjuvant sunitinib for surgically complex advanced renal cell cancer of doubtful resectability: initial experience with downsizing to reconsider cytoreductive surgery. World J Urol 2009;27:533–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bex A., van der Veldt A. A., Blank C. et al. Neoadjuvant sunitinib for surgically complex advanced renal cell cancer of doubtful resectability: initial experience with downsizing to reconsider cytoreductive surgery. World J Urol 2009;27:533–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">23. Powles T., Kayani I., Blank C. et al. The safety and efficacy of sunitinib before planned nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell renal cancer. Ann Oncol 2011;22: 1041–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Powles T., Kayani I., Blank C. et al. The safety and efficacy of sunitinib before planned nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell renal cancer. Ann Oncol 2011;22: 1041–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">24. Margulis V., Matin S. F., Tannir N. et al. Surgical morbidity associated with administration of targeted molecular therapies before cytoreductive nephrectomy or resection of locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2008;180:94–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Margulis V., Matin S. F., Tannir N. et al. Surgical morbidity associated with administration of targeted molecular therapies before cytoreductive nephrectomy or resection of locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2008;180:94–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">25. Chapin B. F., Delacroix S. E.Jr, Culp S. H. et al. Safety of presurgical targeted therapy in the setting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2011;60:964–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chapin B. F., Delacroix S. E.Jr, Culp S. H. et al. Safety of presurgical targeted therapy in the setting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2011;60:964–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">26. Wood C. G., Margulis V. Neoadjuvant (presurgical) therapy for renal cell carcinoma: a new treatment paradigm for locally advanced and metastatic disease. Cancer 2009;115:2355–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood C. G., Margulis V. Neoadjuvant (presurgical) therapy for renal cell carcinoma: a new treatment paradigm for locally advanced and metastatic disease. Cancer 2009;115:2355–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">27. Abel E. J., Culp S. H., Tannir N. M. et al. Primary tumor response to targeted agents in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2011;59:10–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abel E. J., Culp S. H., Tannir N. M. et al. Primary tumor response to targeted agents in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2011;59:10–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">28. Harshman L. C., Yu R. J., Allen G. I. et al. Surgical outcomes and complications associated with presurgical tyrosine kinase inhibition for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Urol Oncol 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harshman L. C., Yu R. J., Allen G. I. et al. Surgical outcomes and complications associated with presurgical tyrosine kinase inhibition for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Urol Oncol 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">29. Karakiewicz P. I., Suardi N., Jeldres C. et al. Neoadjuvant sutent induction therapy may effectively down-stage renal cell carcinoma atrial thrombi. Eur Urol 2008;53:845–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karakiewicz P. I., Suardi N., Jeldres C. et al. Neoadjuvant sutent induction therapy may effectively down-stage renal cell carcinoma atrial thrombi. Eur Urol 2008;53:845–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">30. Di Silverio F., Sciarra A., Parente U. et al. Neoadjuvant therapy with sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma with vena cava extension submitted to radical nephrectomy. Urol. Int. 2008;80: 451–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Silverio F., Sciarra A., Parente U. et al. Neoadjuvant therapy with sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma with vena cava extension submitted to radical nephrectomy. Urol. Int. 2008;80: 451–3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">31. Kondo T., Hashimoto Y., Kobayashi H. et al. Presurgical targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for advanced renal cell carcinoma: clinical results and histopathological therapeutic effects. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010;40:1173–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondo T., Hashimoto Y., Kobayashi H. et al. Presurgical targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for advanced renal cell carcinoma: clinical results and histopathological therapeutic effects. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010;40:1173–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">32. Harshman L. C., Srinivas S., Kamaya A., Chung B. I. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy after shrinkage of a caval tumor thrombus with sunitinib. Nat Rev Urol 2009;6:338–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harshman L. C., Srinivas S., Kamaya A., Chung B. I. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy after shrinkage of a caval tumor thrombus with sunitinib. Nat Rev Urol 2009;6:338–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">33. Robert G., Gabbay G., Bram R. et al. Case study of the month. Complete histologic remission after sunitinib neoadjuvant therapy in T3b renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2009;55:1477–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robert G., Gabbay G., Bram R. et al. Case study of the month. Complete histologic remission after sunitinib neoadjuvant therapy in T3b renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2009;55:1477–80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">34. Bex A., van der Veldt A. A., Blank C. et al. Progression of a caval vein thrombus in two patients with primary renal cell carcinoma ыon pretreatment with sunitinib. Acta Oncol 2010;49:520–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bex A., van der Veldt A. A., Blank C. et al. Progression of a caval vein thrombus in two patients with primary renal cell carcinoma ыon pretreatment with sunitinib. Acta Oncol 2010;49:520–3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">35. Cost N. G., Delacroix S. E.Jr, Sleeper J. P. et al. The impact of targeted molecular therapies on the level of renal cell carcinoma vena caval tumor thrombus. Eur Urol 2011;59:912–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cost N. G., Delacroix S. E.Jr, Sleeper J. P. et al. The impact of targeted molecular therapies on the level of renal cell carcinoma vena caval tumor thrombus. Eur Urol 2011;59:912–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">36. Cowey C. L., Amin C., Pruthi R. S. et al. Neoadjuvant clinical trial with sorafenib for patients with stage II or higher renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:1502–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cowey C. L., Amin C., Pruthi R. S. et al. Neoadjuvant clinical trial with sorafenib for patients with stage II or higher renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:1502–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">37. Thomas A. A., Rini B. I., Stephenson A. J. et al. Surgical resection of renal cell carcinoma after targeted therapy. J Urol 2009;182(3):881–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas A. A., Rini B. I., Stephenson A. J. et al. Surgical resection of renal cell carcinoma after targeted therapy. J Urol 2009;182(3):881–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">38. Amin C., Wallen E., Pruthi R. S. et al. Preoperative tyrosine kinase inhibition as an adjunct to debulking nephrectomy. Urology 2008;72(4):864–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amin C., Wallen E., Pruthi R. S. et al. Preoperative tyrosine kinase inhibition as an adjunct to debulking nephrectomy. Urology 2008;72(4):864–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">39. Jonasch E., Wood C. G., Matin S. F. et al. Phase II presurgical feasibility study of bevacizumab in untreated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4076–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jonasch E., Wood C. G., Matin S. F. et al. Phase II presurgical feasibility study of bevacizumab in untreated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4076–81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">40. Powles T., Sarwar N., Stockdale A. et al. Pazopanib prior to planned nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell renal cancer: A clinical and biomarker study. J Clin Oncol 2013;31 (suppl; abstr 4508).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Powles T., Sarwar N., Stockdale A. et al. Pazopanib prior to planned nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell renal cancer: A clinical and biomarker study. J Clin Oncol 2013;31 (suppl; abstr 4508).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">41. Rini B. I., Plimack E. R., Takagi T. et al. A phase ii study of pazopanib in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma to optimize preservation of renal parenchyma. J Urol 2015 Mar 23. pii: S0022–5347(15) 03398–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rini B. I., Plimack E. R., Takagi T. et al. A phase ii study of pazopanib in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma to optimize preservation of renal parenchyma. J Urol 2015 Mar 23. pii: S0022–5347(15) 03398–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">42. Alvarez A. L., Plimack E. R., Dreicer R. et al. A phase II study of pazopanib in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma to enable partial nephrectomy. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:5 (suppl; abstr 4522).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvarez A. L., Plimack E. R., Dreicer R. et al. A phase II study of pazopanib in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma to enable partial nephrectomy. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:5 (suppl; abstr 4522).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">43. Karam J. A., Devine C. E., Urbauer D. L. et al. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant axitinib in patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) 2014;32:441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karam J. A., Devine C. E., Urbauer D. L. et al. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant axitinib in patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) 2014;32:441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">44. Lane B. R., Derweesh I. H., Kim H. L. et al. Presurgical sunitinib reduces tumor size and may facilitate partial nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2015;33(3):112. e15–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lane B. R., Derweesh I. H., Kim H. L. et al. Presurgical sunitinib reduces tumor size and may facilitate partial nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2015;33(3):112. e15–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
