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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">372</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2014-10-3-12-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current idea of an algorithm for drug treatment and optimal succession of using targeted drugs</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современное представление об алгоритме лекарственного лечения и оптимальной последовательности использования таргетных препаратов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voroshilova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ворошилова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sayapina</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саяпина</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>m.sayapina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н. Н. Блохина» РАМН, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2014-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2014-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/372">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/372</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The application of targeted and pathogenetically sound medicational approaches could considerably improve the results of therapy in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC). To date, VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors continue to remain a basic and most effective drug treatment in patients with mRCC and the choice of a drug for first-line therapy is based on the following factors: disease prognosis, a patient’s general somatic state, and the understanding of immediate therapy goals, anticipated toxicity and tolerability.Most patients develop resistance to VEGFR inhibitors within 6–11 months after treatment initiation. The basis for resistance development may be the following mechanisms: activation of alternative proangiogenic signaling pathways, that of angiogenesis-independent progression pathways, a microenvironment-induced phenotypic change of tumor cells to form their resistance to targeted drugs, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes in the drug itself during therapy. To overcome resistance to VEGFR inhibitors, there are 2 possible options: 1) switching to a drug having another mechanism of action (the mTOR inhibitor everolimus); 2) that to a more selective and potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor (axitinib) that selectively affects and suppresses the activityof the same targets – VEGFR (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor) 1–3. As before, there is scanty convincing evidence for unique benefits in a particular succession of targeted drugs: a VEGFR inhibitor – a VEGFR inhibitor or a VEGFR inhibitor – an mТOR inhibitor. In a number of cases, the succession of prescribing of targeted drugs may be practically determined by clinical criteria, specifically by the possibility of controlling toxic complications that may be typical for VEFGR inhibitors and may accumulate in case of their successive use. It must be also remembered that VEGFR inhibitors may be successfully reused in patients who have received second- or more line therapy with targeted drugs in different succession.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Использование таргетных и патогенетически обоснованных лекарственных подходов позволило значительно улучшить результаты терапии больных метастатическим почечно-клеточным раком (мПКР). На сегодняшний день ингибиторы VEGF / VEGFR продолжают оставаться основным и наиболее эффективным методом лекарственного лечения больных мПКР, а выбор препарата для терапии первой линии строится с учетом следующих факторов: прогноз заболевания, общесоматическое состояние больного, понимание непосредственных целей терапии, предполагаемой токсичности и переносимости. У большинства пациентов резистентность к ингибиторам VEGFR развивается в течение 6–11 мес от начала лечения. В основе развития резистентности могут лежать следующие механизмы: активация альтернативных проангиогенных сигнальных путей, активация независимых от ангиогенеза путей прогрессии, изменение фенотипа опухолевых клеток под влиянием микроокружения с формированием их устойчивости к таргетным препаратам, изменение фармакокинетических и фармакодинамических характеристик самого препарата в процессе терапии. Для преодоления резистентности к VEGFR-ингибиторам существуют 2 возможные опции: a) переход на препарат с другим механизмом действия (ингибитор mTOR, эверолимус), б) переход на более селективный и мощный тирозинкиназный ингибитор (акситиниб), избирательно воздействующий и подавляющий активность тех же мишеней – VEGFR (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor) 1–3. По-прежнему недостаточно убедительных данных, свидетельствующих об однозначном преимуществе той или иной последовательности таргетных препаратов: ингибитор VEGFR – ингибитор VEGFR или ингибитор VEGFR – ингибитор mTOR. При отсутствии надежных биомаркеров для выбора и последовательного использования таргетных препаратов целесообразно учитывать следующие факторы: эффективность и продолжительность терапии ингибиторами VEGFR в первой линии, переносимость и риск развития кумулятивной токсичности, сопутствующие заболевания и общесоматический статус пациента. К сожалению, больные, исходно рефрактерные к ингибиторам VEGFR, остаются резистентными к другим видам доступной терапии. Также необходимо помнить, что у пациентов, получавших 2 и более линий терапии таргетными препаратами в различной последовательности в отдельных случаях возможно повторное успешное использование VEGFR-ингибиторов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal-cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>VEGFR inhibitors</kwd><kwd>mTOR inhibitors</kwd><kwd>mechanisms of resistance</kwd><kwd>succession of therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы VEGFR</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы mTOR</kwd><kwd>механизмы резистентности</kwd><kwd>последовательность терапии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2009 году (заболеваемость и смертность). Под ред. В.И. Чиссова, В.В. Старинского, Г.В. Петровой. 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