Cancer UrologyCancer UrologyОнкоурология1726-97761996-1812Publishing House ABV Press35610.17650/1726-9776-2010-6-4-54-60PROSTATE CANCERРАК ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫCHEMOTHERAPY FOR HORMONE REFRACTORY PROSTATE CANCERХИМИОТЕРАПИЯ ГОРМОНОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОГО РАКА ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫGridnevaYa. V.ГридневаЯ. В.
Russian Federation
gridnevyana@mail.ruMatveevV. B.МатвеевВ. Б.
Russian Federation
gridnevyana@mail.ruBukharkinB. V.БухаркинБ. В.
Russian Federation
gridnevyana@mail.ruKupchanD. Z.КупчанД. З.
Russian Federation
gridnevyana@mail.ruN.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, MoscowГУ РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина РАМН, Москва301220106454600708201407082014https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/356

Second-line hormonal therapy, chemo- and glucocorticosteroid therapy, treatment with aminog-lutetimides, ketoconazole, suramin, target agents, and vaccines may be singled out among the basic treatments for hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). There is a search for a new ef-fective therapy for HRPC, which is associated with the development of new regimens based on docetaxel in combination with target therapy and new classes of antitumor drugs, which shows promise of improving the results of treatment for this disease.

Среди основных методов лечения гормонорезистентного рака предстательной железы (ГРРПЖ) можно выделить гормональную терапию 2-й линии, химио- и глюкокортикостероидную терапию, лечение аминоглютетимидами, кетоконазоломом, сурамином, таргетными препаратами и вакцинотерапию. Ведется поиск новой эффективной терапии ГРРПЖ, связанный с разработкой новых схем на основе доцетаксела в комбинации с таргетной терапией и новыми классами противоопухолевых препаратов, что позволяет надеяться на улучшение результатов лечения этого заболевания.

hormone refractory prostate cancertarget therapyvaccine therapyгормонорезистентный рак предстательной железытаргетная терапиявакцинотерапия1. Garmey E., Sartor O., Halabi S.,Vogelzang N. Second-line chemotherapy for advanced hormone-refractory prostatecancer. Clin Advanc Hematol Oncol 2008;6(2):118–32.Garmey E., Sartor O., Halabi S.,Vogelzang N. Second-line chemotherapy for advanced hormone-refractory prostatecancer. Clin Advanc Hematol Oncol 2008;6(2):118–32.2. Berthold D.R., Pond G.R., Soban F. et al.Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer:updated survival in the TAX 327 study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:242–5.Berthold D.R., Pond G.R., Soban F. et al.Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer:updated survival in the TAX 327 study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:242–5.3.Tannock I.F., de Wit R., Berry W.R. et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1502–12.Tannock I.F., de Wit R., Berry W.R. et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1502–12.4. Petrylak D.P., Tangen C.M., Hussain M.H.et al. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1513–20.Petrylak D.P., Tangen C.M., Hussain M.H.et al. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1513–20.5. Basch E.M., Somerfield M.R., Beer T.M.et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology endorsement of the Cancer Care OntarioPractice Guideline on nonhormonal therapy for men with metastatic hormone-refractory (castrationresistant) prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5313–8.Basch E.M., Somerfield M.R., Beer T.M.et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology endorsement of the Cancer Care OntarioPractice Guideline on nonhormonal therapy for men with metastatic hormone-refractory (castrationresistant) prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5313–8.6. National Comprehensive Cancer Network.Clinical practice guidelines in oncology:Prostate Cancer2009;2. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/ physi-cian_gls/f_guidelines.aspNational Comprehensive Cancer Network.Clinical practice guidelines in oncology:Prostate Cancer2009;2. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/ physi-cian_gls/f_guidelines.asp7. Poiesz B., Reeves J., McNulty W.et al. Preliminary report of an open-label, multicenter, phase I/II study of AT-101 in combination with docetaxel (D) and prednisone (P) in men with docetaxel refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):270;abstr 5145.Poiesz B., Reeves J., McNulty W.et al. Preliminary report of an open-label, multicenter, phase I/II study of AT-101 in combination with docetaxel (D) and prednisone (P) in men with docetaxel refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):270;abstr 5145.8. MacVicar G.R., Greco A., Reeves J. et al. An open-label, multicenter, phase I/II study of AT-101 in combination with docetaxel (D) and prednisone (P) in men with castrateresistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):249;abstr 5062.MacVicar G.R., Greco A., Reeves J. et al. An open-label, multicenter, phase I/II study of AT-101 in combination with docetaxel (D) and prednisone (P) in men with castrateresistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):249;abstr 5062.9. Armstrong A.J., Creel P., Turnbull J.et al. A phase I–II study of docetaxel and atrasentan in men with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:6270–6.Armstrong A.J., Creel P., Turnbull J.et al. A phase I–II study of docetaxel and atrasentan in men with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:6270–6.10. Di Lorenzo G., Figg W.D., Fossa S.D. et al. Combination of bevacizumab and docetaxel in docetaxel-pretreated hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a phase 2 study. Eur Urol2008;54:1089–94.Di Lorenzo G., Figg W.D., Fossa S.D. et al. Combination of bevacizumab and docetaxel in docetaxel-pretreated hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a phase 2 study. Eur Urol2008;54:1089–94.11. Picus J., Halabi S., Rini B. et al. The use of bevacizumab with docetaxel and estramustine in hormone refractory prostate cancer: initial results of CALGB 90006. J Clin Oncol2003;22(Suppl):393;abstr 1578.Picus J., Halabi S., Rini B. et al. The use of bevacizumab with docetaxel and estramustine in hormone refractory prostate cancer: initial results of CALGB 90006. J Clin Oncol2003;22(Suppl):393;abstr 1578.12. Ning Y.M., Arlen P.M., Gulley J.L. et al. Phase II trial of thalidomide, bevacizumab, and docetaxel in patients with metastatic castrationrefractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl):250;abstr 5000.Ning Y.M., Arlen P.M., Gulley J.L. et al. Phase II trial of thalidomide, bevacizumab, and docetaxel in patients with metastatic castrationrefractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl):250;abstr 5000.13. Dreicer R., Petrylak D., Agus D. et al. Phase I/II study of bortezomib plus docetaxel in patients with advanced ndrogenindependent prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:1208–15.Dreicer R., Petrylak D., Agus D. et al. Phase I/II study of bortezomib plus docetaxel in patients with advanced ndrogenindependent prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:1208–15.14. Hainsworth J.D., Meluch A.A., Spigel D.R. et al. Weekly docetaxel and bortezomib as first-line treatment for patients with hormonerefractory prostate cancer: a Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network phase II trial. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2007;5:278–83.Hainsworth J.D., Meluch A.A., Spigel D.R. et al. Weekly docetaxel and bortezomib as first-line treatment for patients with hormonerefractory prostate cancer: a Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network phase II trial. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2007;5:278–83.15. Ferrero J.M., Chamorey E., Oudard S. et al. Phase II trial evaluating a docetaxelcapecitabine combination as treatment for hormonerefractory prostate cancer. Cancer 2006;107:738–45.Ferrero J.M., Chamorey E., Oudard S. et al. Phase II trial evaluating a docetaxelcapecitabine combination as treatment for hormonerefractory prostate cancer. Cancer 2006;107:738–45.16. Kolodziej M., Neubauer M.A., Rousey S.R. et al. Phase II trial of docetaxel/ capecitabine in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2006;5:155–61.17.Vaishampayan U.N., Marur S.,Kolodziej M., Neubauer M.A., Rousey S.R. et al. Phase II trial of docetaxel/ capecitabine in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2006;5:155–61.17.Vaishampayan U.N., Marur S.,Heilbrun L.K. et al. Phase II trial of capecitabine and weekly docetaxel for metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. J Urol 2009;182:317–23.18. Ross R.W., Beer T.M., Jacobus S. et al. A phase 2 study of carboplatin plus docetaxel in men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer who are refractory to docetaxel.Cancer 2008;112:521–6.Ross R.W., Beer T.M., Jacobus S. et al. A phase 2 study of carboplatin plus docetaxel in men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer who are refractory to docetaxel.Cancer 2008;112:521–6.19. Carles J., Font A., Mellado B. et al. Weekly administration of docetaxel in combination with estramustine and celecoxib in patients with advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer: final results from a phase II study. Br J Cancer 2007;97:1206–10.Carles J., Font A., Mellado B. et al. Weekly administration of docetaxel in combination with estramustine and celecoxib in patients with advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer: final results from a phase II study. Br J Cancer 2007;97:1206–10.20. Araujo J., Armstrong A.J., Braud E.L. et al. Dasatinib and docetaxel combination treatment for patients with castration-resistant progressive prostate cancer: a phase I/II study (CA180086). J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):249;abstr 5061.Araujo J., Armstrong A.J., Braud E.L. et al. Dasatinib and docetaxel combination treatment for patients with castration-resistant progressive prostate cancer: a phase I/II study (CA180086). J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):249;abstr 5061.21. Montgomery R.B., Nelson P.S., Lin D. et al. Diethylstilbestrol and docetaxel: a phase II study of tubulin active agents in patients with metastatic, androgenindependent prostate cancer. Cancer 2007;110:996–1002.Montgomery R.B., Nelson P.S., Lin D. et al. Diethylstilbestrol and docetaxel: a phase II study of tubulin active agents in patients with metastatic, androgenindependent prostate cancer. Cancer 2007;110:996–1002.22. Beer T.M., Ryan C.W., Venner P.M. et al. Double-blinded randomized study of highdose calcitriol plus docetaxel compared with placebo plus docetaxel in androgen-independent prostate cancer: a report from the ASCENT Investigators. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:669–74.Beer T.M., Ryan C.W., Venner P.M. et al. Double-blinded randomized study of highdose calcitriol plus docetaxel compared with placebo plus docetaxel in androgen-independent prostate cancer: a report from the ASCENT Investigators. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:669–74.23. Gross M., Higano C., Pantuck A. et al. A phase II trial of docetaxel and erlotinib as first-line therapy for elderly patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2007;7:142.Gross M., Higano C., Pantuck A. et al. A phase II trial of docetaxel and erlotinib as first-line therapy for elderly patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2007;7:142.24. Caffo O., Sava T., Comploj E. et al. Docetaxel, with or without estramustine phosphate, as first-line chemotherapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer: results of a multicentre, randomized phase II trial. BJU Int 2008;102:1080–5.Caffo O., Sava T., Comploj E. et al. Docetaxel, with or without estramustine phosphate, as first-line chemotherapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer: results of a multicentre, randomized phase II trial. BJU Int 2008;102:1080–5.25. Eymard J.C., Priou F., Zannetti A. et al. Randomized phase II study of docetaxel plus estramustine and single-agent docetaxel in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2007;18:1064–70.Eymard J.C., Priou F., Zannetti A. et al. Randomized phase II study of docetaxel plus estramustine and single-agent docetaxel in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2007;18:1064–70.26. Matsumoto A., Inoue A., Yokoi S. et al. Evaluation of docetaxel plus estramustine in the treatment of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2009;16:687–91.Matsumoto A., Inoue A., Yokoi S. et al. Evaluation of docetaxel plus estramustine in the treatment of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2009;16:687–91.27. Kikuno N., Urakami S., Nakamura S. et al. Phase-II study of docetaxel, estramustine phosphate, and carboplatin in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2007;51:1252–8.Kikuno N., Urakami S., Nakamura S. et al. Phase-II study of docetaxel, estramustine phosphate, and carboplatin in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2007;51:1252–8.28. Oh W.K., Halabi S., Kelly W.K. et al. A phase II study of estramustine, docetaxel, and carboplatin with granulocyte-colonystimulating factor support in patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 99813. Cancer 2003;98:2592–8.Oh W.K., Halabi S., Kelly W.K. et al. A phase II study of estramustine, docetaxel, and carboplatin with granulocyte-colonystimulating factor support in patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 99813. Cancer 2003;98:2592–8.29. Machiels J.P., Mazzeo F., Clausse M. et al. Prospective randomized study comparing docetaxel, estramustine, and prednisone with docetaxel and prednisone in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5261–8.Machiels J.P., Mazzeo F., Clausse M. et al. Prospective randomized study comparing docetaxel, estramustine, and prednisone with docetaxel and prednisone in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5261–8.30. Dawson N.A., Halabi S., Ou S.S. et al. A phase II study of estramustine, docetaxel, and exisulind in patients with hormone- refractory prostate cancer: results of cancer and leukemia group B trial 90004. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2008;6:110–6.Dawson N.A., Halabi S., Ou S.S. et al. A phase II study of estramustine, docetaxel, and exisulind in patients with hormone- refractory prostate cancer: results of cancer and leukemia group B trial 90004. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2008;6:110–6.31. Ryan C.W., Stadler W.M., Vogelzang N.J. A phase I/II dose-escalation study of exisulind and docetaxel in patients with hormonerefractory prostate cancer. BJU Int 2005;95:963–8.Ryan C.W., Stadler W.M., Vogelzang N.J. A phase I/II dose-escalation study of exisulind and docetaxel in patients with hormonerefractory prostate cancer. BJU Int 2005;95:963–8.32. Sinibaldi V.J., Elza-Brown K., Schmidt J. et al. Phase II evaluation of docetaxel plus exisulind in patients with androgen independent prostate carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2006;29:395–8.Sinibaldi V.J., Elza-Brown K., Schmidt J. et al. Phase II evaluation of docetaxel plus exisulind in patients with androgen independent prostate carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2006;29:395–8.33. Salzberg M., Rochlitz C., Morant R. et al. An open-label, noncomparative phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of docetaxel in combination with gefitinib in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. Onkologie 2007;30:355–60.Salzberg M., Rochlitz C., Morant R. et al. An open-label, noncomparative phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of docetaxel in combination with gefitinib in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. Onkologie 2007;30:355–60.34. Small E., Demkow T., Gerritsen W.R. et al. A phase III trial of GVAX immunotherapy for prostate cancer in combination with docetaxel versus docetaxel plus prednisone in symptomatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In: American Society of Clinical Oncology – Genitourinary Cancers Symposium. February 26–28, 2009, Orlando, FL.Small E., Demkow T., Gerritsen W.R. et al. A phase III trial of GVAX immunotherapy for prostate cancer in combination with docetaxel versus docetaxel plus prednisone in symptomatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In: American Society of Clinical Oncology – Genitourinary Cancers Symposium. February 26–28, 2009, Orlando, FL.35. Mathew P., Thall P.F., Bucana C.D. et al. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibition and chemotherapy for castrationresistant prostate cancer with bone metastases. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:5816–24.Mathew P., Thall P.F., Bucana C.D. et al. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibition and chemotherapy for castrationresistant prostate cancer with bone metastases. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:5816–24.36. Tolcher A.W., Chi K., Kuhn J. et al. A phase II, pharmacokinetic, and biological correlative study of oblimersen sodium and docetaxel in patients with hormonerefractory prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:3854–61.Tolcher A.W., Chi K., Kuhn J. et al. A phase II, pharmacokinetic, and biological correlative study of oblimersen sodium and docetaxel in patients with hormonerefractory prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:3854–61.37. Sternberg C.N., Dumez H., Van P.H. et al. Docetaxel plus oblimersen sodium (Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide): an EORTC multicenter, randomized phase II study in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2009;20:1264–9.Sternberg C.N., Dumez H., Van P.H. et al. Docetaxel plus oblimersen sodium (Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide): an EORTC multicenter, randomized phase II study in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2009;20:1264–9.38. Chi K.N., Hotte S.J., Yu E.Y. et al. Mature results of a randomized phase II study of OGX- 011 in combination with docetaxel/prednisone versus docetaxel/prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):238;abstr 5012.Chi K.N., Hotte S.J., Yu E.Y. et al. Mature results of a randomized phase II study of OGX- 011 in combination with docetaxel/prednisone versus docetaxel/prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):238;abstr 5012.39. Chatta G.S., Feinstein T.M., Appleman L.J. et al. Oxaliplatin and docetaxel in castrationresistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients treated with up to two prior chemotherapeutic regimens: updated results of a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2008;26 (Suppl):286;abstr 5148.Chatta G.S., Feinstein T.M., Appleman L.J. et al. Oxaliplatin and docetaxel in castrationresistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients treated with up to two prior chemotherapeutic regimens: updated results of a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2008;26 (Suppl):286;abstr 5148.40. De Jager R.L., Roman L., Lopatkin N. et al. Results of a phase II study of picoplatin with docetaxel and prednisone in first-line treatment of castrationresistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):268;abstr 5140.De Jager R.L., Roman L., Lopatkin N. et al. Results of a phase II study of picoplatin with docetaxel and prednisone in first-line treatment of castrationresistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):268;abstr 5140.41. Morris M.J., Pandit-Taskar N., Stephenson R.D. et al. Phase I/II study of docetaxel and 153Sm for castrate metastatic prostate cancer (CMPC): summary of doseescalation cohorts and first report on the expansion cohort. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):248;abstr 5057.Morris M.J., Pandit-Taskar N., Stephenson R.D. et al. Phase I/II study of docetaxel and 153Sm for castrate metastatic prostate cancer (CMPC): summary of doseescalation cohorts and first report on the expansion cohort. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):248;abstr 5057.42. Fizazi K., Beuzeboc P., Lumbroso J. et al. Phase II trial of consolidation docetaxel and samarium-153 in patients with bone metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:2429–35.Fizazi K., Beuzeboc P., Lumbroso J. et al. Phase II trial of consolidation docetaxel and samarium-153 in patients with bone metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:2429–35.43. Cetnar J.P., Rosen M.A., Vaughn D.J. et al. Phase II study of sorafenib and docetaxel in men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl);abstr 16055.Cetnar J.P., Rosen M.A., Vaughn D.J. et al. Phase II study of sorafenib and docetaxel in men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl);abstr 16055.44. Zurita A.J., Liu G., Hutson T. et al. Sunitinib in combination with docetaxel and prednisone in patients (pts) with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (mHRPC). J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):275; abstr 5166.Zurita A.J., Liu G., Hutson T. et al. Sunitinib in combination with docetaxel and prednisone in patients (pts) with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (mHRPC). J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):275; abstr 5166.45. Dahut W.L., Gulley J.L., Arlen P.M. et al. Randomized phase II trial of docetaxel plus thalidomide in androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2532–9.Dahut W.L., Gulley J.L., Arlen P.M. et al. Randomized phase II trial of docetaxel plus thalidomide in androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2532–9.46. Pili R., Rosenthal M. AS1404-203 study group investigators. Addition of DMXAA (ASA404) to docetaxel in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer (HRMPC): update from a randomized, phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl):251;abstr 5007.Pili R., Rosenthal M. AS1404-203 study group investigators. Addition of DMXAA (ASA404) to docetaxel in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer (HRMPC): update from a randomized, phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl):251;abstr 5007.47. Horti J., Widmark A., Stenzl A. et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled phase II study of vandetanib plus docetaxel/ prednisolone in patients with hormonerefractory prostate cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2009;24:175–80.Horti J., Widmark A., Stenzl A. et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled phase II study of vandetanib plus docetaxel/ prednisolone in patients with hormonerefractory prostate cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2009;24:175–80.48. Tester W., Ackler J., Tijani L. et al. Phase I/II study of weekly docetaxel and vinblastine in the treatment of metastatic hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma. Cancer J 2006;12:299–304.Tester W., Ackler J., Tijani L. et al. Phase I/II study of weekly docetaxel and vinblastine in the treatment of metastatic hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma. Cancer J 2006;12:299–304.49. Cumashi A., Tinari N., Rossi C. et al. Sunitinib malate (SU-11248) alone or in combination with low-dose docetaxel inhibits the growth of DU-145 prostate cancer xenografts. Cancer Lett 2008;270:229–33.Cumashi A., Tinari N., Rossi C. et al. Sunitinib malate (SU-11248) alone or in combination with low-dose docetaxel inhibits the growth of DU-145 prostate cancer xenografts. Cancer Lett 2008;270:229–33.50. Guerin O., Formento P., Lo Nigro C. et al. Supra-additive antitumor effect of sunitinib malate (SU11248, Sutent) combined with docetaxel. A new therapeutic perspective in hormone refractory prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008;134:51–7.Guerin O., Formento P., Lo Nigro C. et al. Supra-additive antitumor effect of sunitinib malate (SU11248, Sutent) combined with docetaxel. A new therapeutic perspective in hormone refractory prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008;134:51–7.51. Michaelson M.D., Regan M.M., Oh W.K. et al. Phase II study of sunitinib in men with advanced prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2009;20:913–20.Michaelson M.D., Regan M.M., Oh W.K. et al. Phase II study of sunitinib in men with advanced prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2009;20:913–20.52. Park S.I., Zhang J., Phillips K.A. et al. Targeting SRC family kinases inhibits growth and lymph node metastases of prostate cancer in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Cancer Res 2008;68:3323–33.Park S.I., Zhang J., Phillips K.A. et al. Targeting SRC family kinases inhibits growth and lymph node metastases of prostate cancer in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Cancer Res 2008;68:3323–33.53. Vandyke K., Dewar A.L., Farrugia A.N. et al. Therapeutic concentrations of dasatinib inhibit in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Leukemia 2009;23:994–7.Vandyke K., Dewar A.L., Farrugia A.N. et al. Therapeutic concentrations of dasatinib inhibit in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Leukemia 2009;23:994–7.54. Koreckij T., Nguyen H., Brown L.G. et al. Dasatinib inhibits the growth of prostate cancer in bone and provides additional protection from osteolysis. Br J Cancer 2009;101:263–8.Koreckij T., Nguyen H., Brown L.G. et al. Dasatinib inhibits the growth of prostate cancer in bone and provides additional protection from osteolysis. Br J Cancer 2009;101:263–8.55. Lin A.M., Rini B.I., Derynck M.K. et al. A phase I trial of docetax-el/estramustine/imatinib in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2007;5:323–8.Lin A.M., Rini B.I., Derynck M.K. et al. A phase I trial of docetax-el/estramustine/imatinib in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2007;5:323–8.56. Sonpavde G., Periman P.O., Bernold D. et al. Sunitinib malate for metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer following docetaxelbased chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2010;21:319–24.Sonpavde G., Periman P.O., Bernold D. et al. Sunitinib malate for metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer following docetaxelbased chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2010;21:319–24.57. McDonnell T.J., Troncoso P., Brisbay S.M. et al. Expression of the protooncogene Bcl-2 in the prostate and its association with emergence of androgenindependent prostate cancer. Cancer Res 1992;52:6940–4.McDonnell T.J., Troncoso P., Brisbay S.M. et al. Expression of the protooncogene Bcl-2 in the prostate and its association with emergence of androgenindependent prostate cancer. Cancer Res 1992;52:6940–4.58. Gleave M.E., Miayake H., Goldie J. et al. Targeting Bcl-2 gene to delay androgenindependent progression and enhance chemosensitivity in prostate cancer using antisense Bcl-2 oligodeoxynucleotides. Urology 1999;54:36–46.Gleave M.E., Miayake H., Goldie J. et al. Targeting Bcl-2 gene to delay androgenindependent progression and enhance chemosensitivity in prostate cancer using antisense Bcl-2 oligodeoxynucleotides. Urology 1999;54:36–46.59. Leonetti C., Biroccio A., D’Angelo C. et al. Therapeutic integration of c-myc and Bcl-2 antisense molecules with docetaxel in a preclinical model of hormonerefractory prostate cancer. Prostate 2007;67:1475–85.Leonetti C., Biroccio A., D’Angelo C. et al. Therapeutic integration of c-myc and Bcl-2 antisense molecules with docetaxel in a preclinical model of hormonerefractory prostate cancer. Prostate 2007;67:1475–85.60. Liu G., Kelly W.K., Wilding G. et al. An open-label, multicenter, phase I/II study of single-agent AT-101 in men with castrateresistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:3172–6.Liu G., Kelly W.K., Wilding G. et al. An open-label, multicenter, phase I/II study of single-agent AT-101 in men with castrateresistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:3172–6.61. Sowery R.D., Hadaschik B.A., So A.I. et al. Clusterin knockdown using the antisense oligonucleotide OGX-011 re-sensitizes docetaxel-refractory prostate cancer PC- 3 cells to chemotherapy. BJU Int 2008;102:389–97.Sowery R.D., Hadaschik B.A., So A.I. et al. Clusterin knockdown using the antisense oligonucleotide OGX-011 re-sensitizes docetaxel-refractory prostate cancer PC- 3 cells to chemotherapy. BJU Int 2008;102:389–97.62. Kattan J.G., Farhat F.S., Chahine G.Y. et al. Weekly docetaxel, zoledronic acid and estramustine in hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). Invest New Drugs 2008;26:75–9.Kattan J.G., Farhat F.S., Chahine G.Y. et al. Weekly docetaxel, zoledronic acid and estramustine in hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). Invest New Drugs 2008;26:75–9.63. Fizazi K., Le M.A., Hudes G. et al. Addition of estramustine to chemotherapy and survival of patients with castration-refractory prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:994–1000.Fizazi K., Le M.A., Hudes G. et al. Addition of estramustine to chemotherapy and survival of patients with castration-refractory prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:994–1000.64. Trivedi C., Redman B., Flaherty L.E. et al. Weekly 1-hour infusion of paclitaxel. Clinical feasibility and efficacy in patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2000;89:431–6.Trivedi C., Redman B., Flaherty L.E. et al. Weekly 1-hour infusion of paclitaxel. Clinical feasibility and efficacy in patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2000;89:431–6.65. Abratt R.P., Brune D., Dimopoulos M.A. et al. Randomised phase III study of intravenous vinorelbine plus hormone therapy versus hormone therapy alone in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2004;15:1613–21.Abratt R.P., Brune D., Dimopoulos M.A. et al. Randomised phase III study of intravenous vinorelbine plus hormone therapy versus hormone therapy alone in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2004;15:1613–21.66. Silva E., Silva F. Phase II study of intravenous vinorelbine plus hormone therapy in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(1):18;abstr 14601.Silva E., Silva F. Phase II study of intravenous vinorelbine plus hormone therapy in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(1):18;abstr 14601.67. Nakabayashi M., Ling J., Xie W. et al. Response to Vinorelbine with or without Estramustine as second-line chemotherapy in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer J 2007;13:125–9.Nakabayashi M., Ling J., Xie W. et al. Response to Vinorelbine with or without Estramustine as second-line chemotherapy in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer J 2007;13:125–9.68. Sewak S., Kosmider S., Ganju V. et al. A phase II study of paclitaxel and vinorelbine (Pac-Vin) in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer (HRPC): a final update. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(1):18;abstr 15505.Sewak S., Kosmider S., Ganju V. et al. A phase II study of paclitaxel and vinorelbine (Pac-Vin) in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer (HRPC): a final update. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(1):18;abstr 15505.69. Sewak S., Kosmider S., Ganju V. et al. Phase II study of paclitaxel and vinorelbine (Pacl-Vin) in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer: double tubulin targeting. Intern Med J 2010;40:201–8.Sewak S., Kosmider S., Ganju V. et al. Phase II study of paclitaxel and vinorelbine (Pacl-Vin) in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer: double tubulin targeting. Intern Med J 2010;40:201–8.70. Carducci M.A., Padley R.J., Breul J. et al. Effect of endothelin-A receptor blockade with atrasentan on tumor progression in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a randomized, phase II, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:679–89.Carducci M.A., Padley R.J., Breul J. et al. Effect of endothelin-A receptor blockade with atrasentan on tumor progression in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a randomized, phase II, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:679–89.71. Carducci M.A., Saad F., Abrahamsson P.A. et al. A phase 3 randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of atrasentan in men with metastatic hormonerefractory prostate cancer. Cancer 2007;110:1959–66.Carducci M.A., Saad F., Abrahamsson P.A. et al. A phase 3 randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of atrasentan in men with metastatic hormonerefractory prostate cancer. Cancer 2007;110:1959–66.72. Nelson J.B., Love W., Chin J.L. et al. Phase 3, randomized, controlled trial of atrasentan in patients with nonmetastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer 2008;113:2478–87.Nelson J.B., Love W., Chin J.L. et al. Phase 3, randomized, controlled trial of atrasentan in patients with nonmetastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer 2008;113:2478–87.73. James N.D., Caty A., Borre M. et al. Safety and efficacy of the specific endothelin-A receptor antagonist ZD4054 in patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases who were pain free or mildly symptomatic: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 2 trial. Eur Urol 2009;55:1112–23.James N.D., Caty A., Borre M. et al. Safety and efficacy of the specific endothelin-A receptor antagonist ZD4054 in patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases who were pain free or mildly symptomatic: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 2 trial. Eur Urol 2009;55:1112–23.