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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2004</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2026-22-2-54-65</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. PROSTATE CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак предстательной железы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Persistent prostate-specific antigen levels after radical prostatectomy as a prognostic marker and a guide for early treatment in the era of PSMA-based diagnostics</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Персистирующий уровень простатического специфического антигена после радикальной простатэктомии как прогностический маркер и ориентир для раннего лечения в эпоху ПСМА-диагностики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-9243</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Izmailov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Измайлов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>denecer@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3285-5559</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobev</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>Владимир Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>denecer@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-3899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Garifullin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарифуллин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>denecer@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3906-6521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaprak</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чапрак</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>denecer@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9142-480X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaziev</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хазиев</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>denecer@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4019-9602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Farganov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фарганов</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>denecer@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-0067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akchulpan</surname><given-names>T. Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акчулпан</surname><given-names>Т. Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>denecer@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5825-7484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khrizman</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хризман</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>denecer@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер» Минздрава Республики Башкортостан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-04"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-17"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/2004">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/2004</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To assess the frequency, risk factors, and prognostic value of persistent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels 3 months after radical prostatectomy (RP), and to evaluate the role of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography, with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA-PET/CT) and early treatment strategies in patients with PSA persistence.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A retrospective study of 837 patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent RP between 2019 and 2024. PSA persistence was defined as a level ≥0.1 ng/mL at 3 months postoperatively. Clinicopathological features, biochemical and metastatic outcomes were analyzed. Predictive models using logistic regression and machine learning algorithms (MLP, Random Forest) were developed. ROC curve analysis (AUC) and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to assess predictive accuracy and metastasis-free survival.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> PSA persistence was observed in 285 patients (34.0 %). It was significantly associated with high-grade disease (ISUP ≥3 (ISUP – International Society of Urological Pathology); hazard ratio 2.10; <italic>p</italic> = 0.001) and advanced pathological stage pT3–T4 (<italic>p</italic> = 0.039), but not with positive surgical margins (<italic>p</italic> = 0.92). Predictive models showed moderate accuracy (AUC 0.59–0.60), with preoperative PSA being the most important feature (&gt;40 % contribution in Random Forest). Three-year metastasis-free survival was 98.5 % in the persistence group vs 99.7 % in the non-persistence group (<italic>p</italic> &gt;0.3). PSMA PET/CT identified residual disease in 68 % of persistent PSA cases and influenced treatment decisions.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Persistent PSA at 3 months post-RP is a common and clinically relevant marker, strongly associated with aggressive disease. Early detection using PSMA PET/CT and risk-adapted salvage treatment improve disease control and metastasis-free outcomes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>–<bold> </bold>оценить частоту, факторы риска и прогностическую значимость персистирующего уровня простатического специфического антигена (ПСА) через 3 мес после радикальной простатэктомии (РПЭ), а также определить роль позитронно-эмиссионной томографии, совмещенной с компьютерной томографией (ПЭТ/КТ), с простатическим специфическим мембранным антигеном (ПСМА), и раннего лечения в улучшении исходов у пациентов с персистенцией ПСА.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 837 пациентов с раком предстательной железы, перенесших РПЭ в 2019–2024 гг. Персистенция (определяемый послеоперационный уровень ПСА) определялась как ≥0,1 нг/мл через 3 мес после операции и подтверждалась повторным измерением. Порог ≥0,1 нг/мл рассматривался как ранний маркер вероятной биохимической нерадикальности; при интерпретации результатов и обсуждении тактики лечения учитывали, что клинический критерий биохимического рецидива после РПЭ в большинстве рекомендаций основан на подтвержденном уровне ПСА ≥0,2 нг/мл. Проанализированы клинико-патологические характеристики, частота персистенции, безметастатическая выживаемость и применялись методы логистической регрессии и машинного обучения (MLP, Random Forest) для прогнозирования риска персистенции. Прогностические кривые строились методом Каплана–Майера. Выполнен ROC-анализ (площадь под кривой (AUC)), оценена значимость признаков.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Персистенция ПСА выявлена у 285 (34,0 %) пациентов. Она статистически значимо ассоциирована с более высокой степенью злокачественности (ISUP ≥3 (ISUP – International Society of Urological Pathology, Международное общество урологической патологии); отношения шансов 2,10; <italic>p</italic> = 0,001) и стадией pT3–T4 (p = 0,039), но не с положительным хирургическим краем (<italic>p</italic> = 0,92). Модели прогнозирования персистенции имели умеренное качество (AUC 0,59–0,60). Вклад наиболее значимого фактора – исходного уровня ПСА – составил &gt;40 % по модели Random Forest. Безметастатическая выживаемость через 3 года составила 98,5 % в группе с персистенцией ПСА против 99,7 % в группе без нее (<italic>p</italic> &gt;0,3). ПСМА-ПЭТ/КТ выявила остаточные очаги у 68 % пациентов с персистенцией, повлияв на выбор тактики лечения.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Персистенция ПСА через 3 мес после РПЭ – частое и прогностически значимое явление, требующее ранней диагностики и обсуждения ранней (сальважной) терапии с учетом факторов риска и результатов ПСМА-ПЭТ/КТ. Использование ПСМА-ПЭТ/КТ и персонализированного подхода к лечению позволяет точнее стадировать заболевание, адаптировать тактику и потенциально замедлить прогрессирование.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>persistent prostate-specific antigen</kwd><kwd>radical prostatectomy</kwd><kwd>positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography, with prostate-specific membrane antigen</kwd><kwd>biochemical recurrence</kwd><kwd>metastasis-free survival</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>logistic regression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>персистирующий уровень простатического специфического антигена</kwd><kwd>радикальная простатэктомия</kwd><kwd>позитронно-эмиссионная томография, совмещенная с компьютерной томографией, с простатическим специфическим мембранным антигеном</kwd><kwd>биохимический рецидив</kwd><kwd>безметастатическая выживаемость</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>логистическая регрессия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kimura S., Urabe F., Sasaki H. et al. 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