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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1992</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2026-22-2-37-53</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. PROSTATE CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак предстательной железы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prognostic factors for identification of unfavorable pathomorphological signs and upgrade in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and low or favorable intermediate risk</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Факторы прогноза выявления неблагоприятных патоморфологических признаков и апгрейда у пациентов с клинически локализованным раком предстательной железы с низким и благоприятным промежуточным риском</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2761-3281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poddubny</surname><given-names>Yuriy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поддубный</surname><given-names>Юрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>y.poddubny@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-6591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rolevich</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ролевич</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>y.poddubny@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6620-2088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozharytski</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пожарицкий</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>y.poddubny@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3244-5664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasny</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красный</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>y.poddubny@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-6313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>y.poddubny@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-2985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Liatkouskaya</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Летковская</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>y.poddubny@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Alexandrov Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Oncology and Medical Radiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр онкологии и медицинской радиологии им. Н.Н. Александрова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belarusian State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-19"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1992">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1992</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Prostate cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases in men and remains an important problem of modern oncological urology. One of the approaches to management of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and low or favorable intermediate risk is active surveillance. Currently, there is a risk of underestimating tumor aggressiveness. The scale of this risk is unknown, and the factors affecting its significance are not sufficiently understood.</p> <p><bold>Aim. </bold>To evaluate frequency and identification of prognostic factors of unfavorable pathomorphological signs through analysis of prostatectomy material from patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and low or favorable intermediate risk.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>The retrospective study included 353 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and low or favorable intermediate oncological risk who underwent radical prostatectomy in our center in 2016–2020. Primary endpoints were presence and frequency of unfavorable pathomorphological signs, upgrade. Additionally, frequency of upgrade of ISUP GG (International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group) was evaluated depending on a number of prognostic factors. To determine independent effect of these factors, multivariable logistic regression was used with development of prognostic models.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Upgrade was reported in 35.4 % of patients. Evaluation of the factors associated with unfavorable pathomorphological signs showed that the following characteristics had statistical significance: ISUP GG per biopsy (<italic>p</italic> = 0.044), percentage of positive cores (<italic>p</italic> = 0.017), maximal tumor fraction in positive cores (<italic>p</italic> = 0.009). For predicting upgrade, 2 key factors were identified: maximal tumor fraction in positive cores (<italic>p</italic> = 0.033), tumor ISUP GG (<italic>p</italic> = 0.037). The proposed prognostic classifications confirmed their efficacy and reproducibility in this patient sample.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Data analysis allowed to identify significant factors increasing probability of upgrade: presence of ISUP GG 2 and maximal tumor percentage in positive biopsy cores above 15 %. The main predictors associated with disease stage increase were ISUP GG 2 per biopsy, percentage of positive cores above 50 % and maximal tumor fraction in a core above 15 %. If any 2 of the factors are present, active surveillance should be performed with great care and be accompanied by scrutinous control.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Рак предстательной железы (РПЖ) занимает одно из ведущих мест среди онкологических заболеваний у мужчин и остается актуальной проблемой современной онкоурологии. Одним из подходов к ведению пациентов с клинически локализованным РПЖ при низком и благоприятном промежуточном риске является стратегия активного наблюдения. В настоящее время существует риск недостаточной оценки агрессивности опухоли. Масштаб данного риска не определен, а факторы, способные влиять на его выраженность, изучены недостаточно.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>–<bold> </bold>оценка частоты и выявление прогностических факторов неблагоприятных патоморфологических признаков по результатам анализа простатэктомического материала пациентов с клинически локализованным РПЖ с низким и благоприятным промежуточным риском.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В ретроспективное исследование включены 353 пациента с клинически локализованным РПЖ с низким и благоприятным промежуточным онкологическим риском, которым за период 2016–2020 гг. была выполнена радикальная простатэктомия на базе нашего центра. Первичные конечные точки: наличие и частота неблагоприятных патоморфологических признаков, апгрейда. Дополнительно проводилась оценка частоты повышения ISUP GG (апгрейд) (ISUP – International Society of Urological Pathology, Международное общество урологической патологии) в зависимости от ряда прогностических факторов. Для определения независимого влияния этих факторов был применен многофакторный логистический регрессионный анализ, результаты которого использовались при построении прогностических моделей.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Апгрейд зафиксирован у 35,4 % пациентов. При оценке факторов, ассоциированных с неблагоприятными патоморфологическими признаками, статистическую значимость продемонстрировали: ISUP GG по данным биопсии (<italic>p</italic> = 0,044), доля положительных столбиков (<italic>p</italic> = 0,017), максимальная доля опухоли в положительных столбиках (<italic>p</italic> = 0,009). В отношении прогноза апгрейда выявлены 2 ключевых фактора: максимальная доля опухоли в положительных столбиках (<italic>p</italic> = 0,033), ISUP GG опухоли (<italic>p</italic> = 0,037). Предлагаемые прогностические классификации подтвердили свою эффективность и воспроизводимость в данной выборке пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Анализ данных позволил выделить значимые факторы, повышающие вероятность апгрейда: наличие ISUP GG 2 и максимальная процентная доля опухоли в положительных биопсийных столбиках более 15 %. Основные предикторы, связанные с увеличением стадии заболевания: ISUP GG 2 по данным биопсии, доля положительных столбиков более 50 % и максимальный процент опухолевой ткани в столбике более 15 %. При сочетании 2 указанных факторов стратегия активного наблюдения должна применяться с особой осторожностью и сопровождаться более тщательным контролем.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>radical prostatectomy</kwd><kwd>unfavorable pathomorphological sign</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>радикальная простатэктомия</kwd><kwd>неблагоприятный патоморфологический признак</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bray F., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I. et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68(6):394–424. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21492.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okeanov A.E., Moiseev P.I., Levin L.F. et al. 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