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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1904</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2024-20-4-75-89</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. URINARY BLADDER CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак мочевого пузыря</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">New capabilities of 2<sup>nd</sup> and subsequent therapy lines in metastatic urothelial cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Новые возможности терапии 2-й и последующих линий метастатического уротелиального рака</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-3020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalpinskiy</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калпинский</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey S. Kalpinskiy.</p><p>3 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калпинский Алексей Сергеевич.</p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 3</p></bio><email>dr.kalpinskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-8842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mailyan</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маилян</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-15"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1904">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1904</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to the World Health Organization data, in 2022 bladder cancer (BC) was the 9<sup>th</sup> (614,298) most common cancer. In Russia, most patients (58.8 %) were diagnosed with non-muscle invasive BC (stage I) but the percentage of muscle invasive cancer (stages II–III) and metastatic BC (mBC) remains high: 32.1 and 8.3 % cases, respectively. Mortality in patients with BC in the first year since diagnosis remains high: 12.28 %. Decrease in BC mortality in the last 10 years in Russia by 22.84 % is probably due to development of new more effective drugs for mBC treatment which are the subject of this literature review.</p><p>Currently, the 2<sup>nd</sup> line standards of treatment of patients with mBC changed due to appearance in the guidelines of the majority of the world oncological societies of new drugs classified as conjugated and targeted drugs. In patients with progression during platinum-based chemotherapy and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapy with conjugate enfortumab vedotin (EV) is possible.</p><p>Enfortumab vedotin is the first of its class drug, a conjugate of a monoclonal antibody against the nectin-4 protein which is highly expressed by urothelial carcinoma and a cytotoxic chemotherapy drug monomethyl auristatin E (ММАЕ) affecting microtubules. EV was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December of 2019 based on phase II trial EV-201 as part of the expedited review program due to high rate of objective responses in patients with inoperable locally advanced and mBC who previously received platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In Russia, the drug was approved in 2023.</p><p>Median overall survival in all phase I–III EV trials were around 1 year and varied between 11.7 and 12.91 months, progression-free survival was a little below 6 months and varied between 5.5 and 5.8 months. In the UNITE trial based on routine practice data, median progression-free survival and overall survival since the start of EV therapy were a little higher than in the randomized trails: 6.8 and 14.4 months, respectively. Objective response rate in all clinical trials was above 40 %; in particular, in phase I trial EV-101 it was 43 %, in phase II trial EV-201 – 44 %, in phase III trial EV-301 – 41 %, and in UNITE – 52 %, while complete response rates were 5; 12; 6.9 and 7 %, respectively. In phase III clinical trial EV-301, EV therapy decreased the risk of death by 30 % compared to standard treatment (ST) and significantly increased overall survival from 8.94 months in the ST group to 12.91 months in the EV group. The risk of progression and death decreased by 37 % in the EV group, and median progression-free survival increased from 3.71 months in the ST group to 5.5 months in the EV group (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.00001). Additionally, objective response rate was more than 2-fold higher for EV compared to ST: 41.32 % versus 18.58 %. Approximately 30 % of patients in the EV group are alive at year 2 of the study compared to 20 % in the ST group. Safety profile also demonstrates similar results to the intermediate and primary analyses. The rates of treatment-associated adverse events of grade III or higher in the EV group in both intermediate and primary analyses of the EV-301 trial (51.4 and 52.4 %, respectively) were similar to the rates in the ST group (49.8 % and 50.5 %, respectively). The most common adverse events in the EV therapy group were rash, hyperglycemia, and peripheral neuropathy. At the same time, quality of life in the EV therapy group was higher compared to the standard therapy which confirms safety and effectiveness of EV in patients with urothelial carcinoma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, в 2022 г. рак мочевого пузыря (РМП) занимал 9-е место (614 298) в структуре общей онкологической заболеваемости. В России, несмотря на то что у большинства (58,8 %) пациентов диагностировали немышечно-инвазивный РМП (I стадия), доля мышечно-инвазивного рака (II–III стадии) и метастатического РМП (мРМП) остается высокой – 32,1 и 8,3 % случаев соответственно. Летальность больных РМП в течение года с момента установки диагноза по-прежнему остается высокой и составляет 12,28 %. Снижение показателя смертности от РМП в России за последние 10 лет на 22,84 %, вероятно, связано с появлением новых, более эффективных препаратов для лечения мРМП, о которых пойдет речь в данном обзоре литературы.</p><p>В настоящее время стандарты лечения больных мРМП 2-й линии изменились по причине появления в рекомендациях большинства мировых онкологических сообществ новых групп препаратов, относящихся к конъюгатам и таргетным препаратам. У больных, у которых отмечено прогрессирование на фоне платиносодержащей химиотерапии и/или иммунотерапии ингибиторами контрольных точек, возможно проведение терапии конъюгатом энфортумабом ведотином (ЭВ). Энфортумаб ведотин – это первый, уникальный в своем классе препарат, представляющий собой конъюгат моноклонального антитела к белку нектину 4, который высоко экспрессирует при уротелиальной карциноме, и цитотоксического химиотерапевтического препарата монометил ауристатина Е (ММАЕ), действующего на микротрубочки. ЭВ получил одобрение FDA (Food and Drug Administration, Управление по санитарному надзору за качеством пищевых продуктов и медикаментов США) в декабре 2019 г. на основании данных исследования II фазы EV-201 в рамках программы ускоренного рассмотрения благодаря достижению высокой частоты объективных ответов при лечении пациентов с неоперабельным местно-распространенным и мРМП, ранее получавших платиносодержащую химиотерапию или ингибиторы контрольных точек. В России препарат одобрен с 2023 г.</p><p>Медианы общей выживаемости во всех исследованиях I–III фаз с ЭВ оказались около 1 года и варьировали от 11,7 до 12,91 мес, а выживаемость без прогрессирования была чуть менее 6 мес и варьировала от 5,5 до 5,8 мес. В исследовании UNITE, основанном на данных рутинной практики, показатели медианы выживаемости без прогрессирования и общей выживаемости с момента начала терапии ЭВ были чуть выше, чем в рандомизированных исследованиях, и составили 6,8 и 14,4 мес соответственно. Частота объективных ответов во всех клинических исследованиях оказалась выше 40 %, в частности в исследовании I фазы EV-101 она составила 43 %, II фазы EV-201 – 44 %, III фазы EV-301 – 41 %, а в UNITE – 52 %, а зарегистрированная частота полных ответов – 5; 12; 6,9 и 7 % соответственно. В клиническом исследовании III фазы EV-301 терапия ЭВ снижала риск смерти на 30 % по сравнению со стандартным лечением (СЛ) и значительно увеличивала общую выживаемость с 8,94 мес в группе СЛ до 12,91 мес в группе ЭВ. Риск прогрессирования заболевания или смерти снизился на 37 % в группе ЭВ, а медиана выживаемости без прогрессирования увеличилась с 3,71 мес в группе СЛ до 5,5 мес в группе ЭВ (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,00001). Также частота объективных ответов была выше более чем в 2 раза для ЭВ по сравнению со СЛ: 41,32 % против 18,58 %. Около 30 % пациентов группы ЭВ живы ко 2-му году исследования по сравнению с 20 % в группе СЛ. Профиль безопасности также демонстрирует схожие результаты с промежуточными и первичными анализами. Показатели нежелательных явлений, связанных с лечением, III степени и выше были постоянными в группе ЭВ как при промежуточных, так и при первичных анализах исследования EV-301 (51,4 и 52,4 % соответственно) и сопоставимы с таковыми в группе СЛ (49,8 и 50,5 % соответственно). Самыми частыми нежелательными явлениями в группе пациентов, получающих терапию ЭВ, являются сыпь, гипергликемия и периферическая полинейропатия. При этом сохранялось лучшее качество жизни при терапии ЭВ по сравнению со стандартной химиотерапией, что подтверждает безопасность и эффективность ЭВ в популяции больных уротелиальной карциномой.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urothelial carcinoma</kwd><kwd>metastatic bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>enfortumab vedotin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уротелиальный рак</kwd><kwd>метастатический рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>энфортумаб ведотин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ferlay J., Ervik M., Lam F. et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2024. Available at: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malignant tumors in Russia in 2023 (morbidity and mortality). Eds.: А.D. Kaprin, V.V. Starinskiy, A.O. 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