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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1809</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2024-20-1-79-93</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. PROSTATE CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак предстательной железы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy in clinical subgroups of patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: a subgroup analysis of the randomised clinical TITAN study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Апалутамид в комбинации с андрогендепривационной терапией в клинических подгруппах пациентов с метастатическим кастрационно-чувствительным раком предстательной железы: подгрупповой анализ рандомизированного клинического исследования TITAN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Merseburger</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><address><country country="DE">Germany</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Axel S. Merseburger.</p><p>Lübeck</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Merseburger Axel S. </p><p>Любек</p></bio><email>axel.merseburger@uksh.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agarwal</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salt Lake City, UT</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солт-Лейк-Сити, штат Юта</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhaumik</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Titusville, NJ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солт-Лейк-Сити, штат Юта</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lefresne</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Spring House, PA</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Спринг-Хаус, штат Пенсильвания</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Karsh</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denver, CO</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денвер, штат Колорадо</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pereira de Santana Gomes</surname><given-names>A. J.</given-names></name><address><country country="BR">Brazil</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Натал</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Juárez Soto</surname><given-names>Á.</given-names></name><address><country country="ES">Spain</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cádiz</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кадис</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Given</surname><given-names>R. W.</given-names></name><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Norfolk, VA</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Норфолк, штат Виргиния</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brookman-May</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Spring House, PA, USA; München, Germany</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Спринг-Хаус, штат Пенсильвания, США; Мюнхен, Германия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mundle</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raritan, NJ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раритан, штат Нью-Джерси</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McCarthy</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raritan, NJ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раритан, штат Нью-Джерси</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uemura</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><address><country country="JP">Japan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Osaka</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осака</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chowdhury</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><address><country country="GB">United Kingdom</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>London</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лондон</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chi</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name><address><country country="CA">Canada</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vancouver</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ванкувер</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bjartell</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><address><country country="SE">Sweden</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Malmö</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мальмё</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein</institution></aff><aff id="aff2"><institution>Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah</institution></aff><aff id="aff3"><institution>Janssen Research &amp; Development</institution></aff><aff id="aff4"><institution>The Urology Center of Colorado</institution></aff><aff id="aff5"><institution>Liga Norte Riograndense Contra O Cancer</institution></aff><aff id="aff6"><institution>Hospital Universitario de Jerez de la Frontera</institution></aff><aff id="aff7"><institution>Urology of Virginia, Eastern Virginia Medical School</institution></aff><aff id="aff8"><institution>Ludwig-Maximilians-University</institution></aff><aff id="aff9"><institution>Kindai University Faculty of Medicine</institution></aff><aff id="aff10"><institution>Guy’s, King’s, and St Thomas’ Hospitals</institution></aff><aff id="aff11"><institution>Sarah Cannon Research Institute</institution></aff><aff id="aff12"><institution>BC Cancer and Vancouver Prostate Centre</institution></aff><aff id="aff13"><institution>Skåne University Hospital, Lund University</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-27"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-18"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1809">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1809</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Whether disease burden in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) predicts treatment outcomes is unknown. We assessed apalutamide treatment effect in TITAN patients with mCSPC by disease volume, metastasis number and timing of metastasis presentation.</p><p><bold>Methods.</bold> These protocol-defined and post hoc analyses of the phase III randomised TITAN study evaluated clinical outcomes in patients receiving 240 mg/day apalutamide (<italic>n</italic> = 525) or placebo (<italic>n</italic> = 527) plus androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Subgroups were defined by volume (high: visceral and ≥1 bone metastases or ≥4 bone lesions with ≥1 beyond vertebral column/pelvis), development of metastases per conventional imaging (synchronous: at initial diagnosis; meta-chronous: after localised disease) and oligometastases (≤5 bone-only metastases) or polymetastases (&gt;5 in bone ± other locations or ≤5 in bone plus other locations). Overall survival (OS), radiographic or second progression-free survival, and time to prostate-specific antigen progression or castration resistance were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> Of 1052 patients, 63 %, 81 %, 54 %, 27 %, 5.7 %, and 8.0 % had high-volume, synchronous, synchronous/high-volume, synchronous/low-volume, metachronous/high-volume, and metachronous/low-volume disease, respectively. The OS benefit favoured apalutamide plus ADT <italic>versus</italic> ADT alone in synchronous/high-volume (hazard ratio (HR) 0.68;  95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.87; <italic>p</italic> = 0.002), synchronous/low-volume (HR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.40–1.05; <italic>p</italic> = 0.08), metachronous/high-volume (HR 0.69; 95 % CI 0.33–1.44; <italic>p</italic> = 0.32) and metachronous/low-volume (HR 0.22; 95 % CI 0.09–0.55; <italic>p</italic> = 0.001) subgroups. Apalutamide improved other clinical outcomes regardless of subgroup, with similar safety profiles. Most favourable outcomes were observed in oligometastatic disease.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> TITAN patients derived a robust benefit with apalutamide plus ADT regardless of disease volume and timing of metastasis presentation without differences in safety, supporting early apalutamide intensification in mCSPC.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Роль объема метастатического поражения у пациентов с метастатическим кастрационно-чувствительным раком предстательной железы для прогнозирования результатов лечения неизвестна.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить эффективность лечения апалутамидом у пациентов с метастатическим кастрационно-чувствительным раком предстательной железы в исследовании TITAN в зависимости от объема поражения, количества метастазов и времени их появления.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В проспективном плацебоконтролируемом рандомизированном исследовании III фазы TITAN проведена оценка клинических исходов у пациентов, получавших апалутамид в дозе 240 мг/сут (<italic>n</italic> = 525) или плацебо (<italic>n</italic> = 527) в комбинации с андрогендепривационной терапией (АДТ). Пациенты были разделены на подгруппы в зависимости от объема метастатического поражения (большим объемом считалось наличие висцеральных метастазов и ≥1 костного метастаза или ≥4 костных очагов, из которых ≥1 за пределами позвоночника/таза), времени появления метастазов по данным традиционных методов визуализации (синхронные метастазы – имевшиеся при первичном диагнозе; метахронные – развившиеся после лечения локализованного заболевания) и характера заболевания (олигометастический – ≤5 только костных метастазов; полиметастический – &gt;5 в костях ± в других локализациях или ≤5 в костях и других локализациях). Общую выживаемость, рентгенологическую выживаемость без прогрессирования или выживаемость без повторного прогрессирования, а также время до прогрессирования по уровню простатического специфического антигена или до развития резистентности к кастрации оценивали с помощью модели пропорциональных рисков Кокса.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Среди 1052 пациентов у 63, 81, 54, 27, 5,7 и 8,0 % имело место соответственно метастатическое поражение большого объема, синхронное, синхронное/большого объема, синхронное/малого объема, метахронное/большого объема и метахронное/малого объема. Лучшие результаты по показателям общей выживаемости были отмечены у пациентов, получавших апалутамид в комбинации с АДТ, по сравнению с больными, получавшими только АДТ, в подгруппах синхронных метастазов/большого объема поражения (отношение риска (ОР) 0,68; 95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,53–0,87; <italic>p</italic> = 0,002), синхронных/малого объема (ОР 0,65; 95 % ДИ 0,40–1,05; <italic>p</italic> = 0,08), метахронных/большого объема (ОР 0,69; 95 % ДИ 0,33–1,44; <italic>p</italic> = 0,32) и метахронных/малого объема (ОР 0,22; 95 % ДИ  0,09–0,55; <italic>p</italic> = 0,001). Применение апалутамида улучшило и другие клинические показатели независимо от подгруппы при схожем профиле безопасности. Наиболее благоприятные исходы наблюдались при олигометастатическом заболевании.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В исследовании TITAN пациенты получили значительную пользу при применении апалутамида в комбинации с АДТ независимо от объема поражения и времени появления метастазов при одинаковом уровне безопасности, что подтверждает необходимость ранней интенсификации терапии апалутамидом при метастатическом кастрационно-чувствительном раке предстательной железы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-volume</kwd><kwd>low-volume</kwd><kwd>synchronous</kwd><kwd>metachronous</kwd><kwd>oligometastatic</kwd><kwd>polymetastatic</kwd><kwd>metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>большой объем</kwd><kwd>малый объем</kwd><kwd>синхронный</kwd><kwd>метахронный</kwd><kwd>олигометастатический</kwd><kwd>полиметастатический</kwd><kwd>метастатический кастрационно-чувствительный рак предстательной железы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при поддержке компании Janssen Research &amp; Development. Представители спонсора (компании Janssen Research &amp; Development) принимали участие в разработке и проведении исследования, сборе, контроле, анализе и интерпретации данных, а также в написании и редактировании текста статьи. Все авторы имели доступ к данным, участвовали в написании статьи при участии спонсора (Janssen), пересмотре и одобрении финальной версии текста статьи, а также приняли решение представить его для публикации. Авторы выражают благодарность пациентам, их родственникам, а также исследователям, координаторам, членам исследовательской группы и медицинскому персоналу. Данная работа была написана при содействии кандидата наук Ларисы Беловой (Parexel) и при финансовой поддержке Janssen Global Services, LLC.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Francini E., Gray K.P., Xie W. et al. 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