Cancer UrologyCancer UrologyОнкоурология1726-97761996-1812Publishing House ABV Press180410.17650/1726-9776-2024-20-3-142-151REVIEWSОБЗОРЫModern approaches to treatment of tumors of the solitary kidneyСовременные подходы в лечении опухолей единственной почкиhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-3427938083PetrovS. B.ПетровС. Б.
Russian Federation

6–8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint Petersburg 197022,

68 Leningradskaya St., Pesochnyy, Saint Petersburg 197758

Петров Сергей Борисович - д.м.н., профессор, руководитель НИЦ Урологии, ведущий научный сотрудник 

197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8,

197758 Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68

petrov-uro@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-09021057059ZyatchinI. V.ЗятчинИ. В.
Russian Federation

6–8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint Petersburg 197022

Зятчин Илья Владиславович - врач-уролог

197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8

ily6102@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-5153801853RevaS. A.РеваС. А.
Russian Federation

6–8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint Petersburg 197022,

68 Leningradskaya St., Pesochnyy, Saint Petersburg 197758

Рева Сергей Александрович - д.м.н., заведующий 6 онкологическим отделением (андрологии и онкоурологии), научный сотрудник

197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8,

197758 Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68

sgreva79@mail.ruI.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава РоссииN.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России241120242031421510105202412072024https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1804

Neoplasms of the solitary kidney account for <1–5 % of all tumors of the renal parenchyma. Nephron-sparing treatment is the treatment of choice in patients with a tumor of the solitary kidney. Oncological safety and maximum preservation of the kidney parenchyma are the main goals of nephron-sparing treatment. As part of a personalized approach, patients may be offered partial nephrectomy (open, robot-assisted, laparoscopic techniques), thermal ablation, stereotactic radiation therapy, and active surveillance.

Options for prescribing immuno-oncological drugs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the neoadjuvant setting followed by kidney resection are being studied. Sometimes nephron-sparing treatment is not possible and radical nephrectomy is required.

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of possible treatment options for solitary kidney tumors.

Новообразования единственной почки составляют <1–5 % среди всех опухолей почечной паренхимы. Нефронсберегающее лечение является методом выбора у пациентов с опухолью единственной почки. Онкологическая безопасность и максимальное сохранение паренхимы почки – основные цели нефронсберегающего лечения. В рамках персонализированного подхода пациентам могут быть предложены резекция почки (открытая, робот-ассистированная, лапароскопическая техники), термальная аблация, стереотаксическая лучевая терапия, а также активное наблюдение.

Изучаются варианты назначения иммуноонкологических препаратов, ингибиторов тирозинкиназы в неоадъювантном режиме с последующим выполнением резекции почки. Иногда выполнить нефронсберегающее лечение не представляется возможным и требуется радикальная нефрэктомия.

Данный обзор дает комплексную оценку возможных вариантов лечения новообразований единственной почки.

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