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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1599</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2022-18-4-108-119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic and epigenetic characteristics of non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer in patients infected by human papillomavirus: literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетические и эпигенетические особенности немышечно-инвазивного и мышечно-инвазивного рака мочевого пузыря у больных, инфицированных вирусом папилломы человека: обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1220-3297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pulatova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пулатова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>63 14th Liniya, Rostov-on-Don 344037</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Алина Асланхановна Пулатова - </bold>аспирант отделения онкоурологии </p><p><italic>344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</italic></p></bio><email>dr.pulatova05@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2565-1518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dimitriadi</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Димитриади</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>63 14th Liniya, Rostov-on-Don 344037</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold> Сергей Николаевич Димитриади </bold>  - доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, врач уролог отделения онкоурологии </p><p><italic>344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</italic></p></bio><email>dimitriadi@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-3733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutilin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутилин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>63 14th Liniya, Rostov-on-Don 344037</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Денис Сергеевич Кутилин</bold> - кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии </p><p><italic>344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</italic></p></bio><email>k.denees@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5345-4872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zykova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыкова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>63 14th Liniya, Rostov-on-Don 344037</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Татьяна Алексеевна Зыкова </bold>- заведующая лабораторией вирусологии, врач-вирусолог, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики высшей квалификационной категории, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p><italic>344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</italic></p></bio><email>tatiana2904@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-134X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>63 14th Liniya, Rostov-on-Don 344037</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Алексей Николаевич Шевченко</bold> - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделением онкоурологии </p><p><italic>344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</italic></p></bio><email>alexshew@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-4736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>63 14th Liniya, Rostov-on-Don 344037</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Сергей Иванович Гончаров</bold> - врач-онколог консультативно-диагностического отделения</p><p><italic>344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</italic></p></bio><email>sigon1954@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0036-7190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khvan</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хван</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>63 14th Liniya, Rostov-on-Don 344037</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Виктор Кидюевич Хван</bold> - врач-уролог отделения онкоурологии, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p><italic>344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</italic></p></bio><email>dfhwang@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1599">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1599</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Infectious diseases and chronic inflammation are important risk factors for the development of malignant tumors in humans. One of the key infectious agents involved in human oncogenesis is the human papillomavirus (HPV). Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is defined as a superficial neoplasia limited to the mucosa, aggravated by recurrence in 80 % of cases and progression in 30 % of cases. The development of this disease is associated with the influence of various carcinogenic agents, including HPV. Currently, a direct relationship has been revealed between the presence of viral DNA in the tumor tissue of the bladder and markers of proliferative activity, angiogenesis, and apoptosis factors. More and more researchers believe in the involvement of the virus in the development of recurrent forms of bladder cancer and the emergence of its invasive/poorly differentiated forms. Improving the diagnosis and postoperative monitoring of non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer is not possible without the improvement of minimally invasive molecular methods, which requires an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HPV-associated carcinogenesis.</p><p>Therefore, this review focuses on the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of HPV effect on progression of non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. The features of miRNA expression in patients with papillomavirus infection of high oncogenic risk types and non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive bladder cancer are considered in detail. In particular, the role of miR-34а, -218, -20a, -424, -200a, -205-5p, -944, -100, -99a, -202, -30a, -145-5p, -195 and -199a-5 is described in the development and progression of bladder cancer. The mechanisms of disruption in the functioning of key cell signaling pathways during HPV integration in patients with bladder cancer, including changes in gene copy number and methylation level, are also considered.</p><p>However, the number of HPV-positive tumor specimens that have been comprehensively analyzed using genome-wide studies in the literature remains small. Larger patient cohorts would be useful to further refine HPV-associated integration events and genomic changes, as well as to study clinical manifestations of the consequences of these alterations. Further research on the clinical implications of the observed genomic changes is needed to accurately stratify patients for targeted therapy, radiation and chemotherapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Инфекционные заболевания и хроническое воспаление – важные факторы риска развития злокачественных опухолей. Одним из ключевых инфекционных агентов, участвующих в онкогенезе, является вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ). Немышечно-инвазивный рак мочевого пузыря определяется как поверхностная неоплазия, ограниченная слизистой оболочкой. Заболевание отягощено рецидивом в 80 % случаев и прогрессированием в 30 % случаев. Развитие заболевания связано с влиянием различных канцерогенных агентов, включая ВПЧ. В настоящее время выявлена непосредственная взаимосвязь между наличием вирусных ДНК в опухолевой ткани мочевого пузыря с маркерами пролиферативной активности, ангиогенеза и факторов апоптоза. Все больше исследователей склоняются к причастности вируса к развитию рецидивных форм рака мочевого пузыря и появлению инвазивных, низкодифференцированных форм. Улучшение диагностики и послеоперационного мониторинга немышечно-инвазивного и мышечно-инвазивного рака мочевого пузыря невозможно без совершенствования малоинвазивных молекулярных методов. Для этого необходимо понимание молекулярных механизмов влияния ВПЧ на развитие рака мочевого пузыря.</p><p>Данный обзор посвящен анализу молекулярных механизмов влияния ВПЧ на течение немышечно-инвазивного и мышечно-инвазивного рака мочевого пузыря. Подробно рассмотрены особенности экспрессии микроРНК у больных с ВПЧ высокого онкогенного риска и немышечно-инвазивным либо мышечно-инвазивным раком мочевого пузыря. Описана роль miR-34а, -218, -20a, -424, -200a, -205-5p, -944, -100, -99a, -202, -30a, -145-5p, -195 и -199a-5 в развитии и прогрессировании рака мочевого пузыря. Рассмотрены механизмы нарушения функционирования ключевых клеточных сигнальных путей при интеграции ВПЧ у больных раком мочевого пузыря, включая изменение копийности генов и уровня метилирования.</p><p>Тем не менее количество ВПЧ-положительных образцов опухолей, которые, по данным литературы, были всесторонне проанализированы с использованием полногеномных исследований, остается небольшим. Поэтому исследования более крупных когорт пациентов будут полезны для дальнейшей детализации событий интеграции ВПЧ и связанных с ними геномных изменений, а также для изучения клинических проявлений последствия этих изменений. Дальнейшие исследования клинических последствий наблюдаемых геномных изменений необходимы для точной стратификации пациентов для таргетной, лучевой и химиотерапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>human papillomavirus</kwd><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>gene copy number</kwd><kwd>methylation level</kwd><kwd>clinical manifestation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>вирус папилломы человека</kwd><kwd>микро-РНК</kwd><kwd>копийность генов</kwd><kwd>уровень метилирования</kwd><kwd>клинические проявления</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed without external funding.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kosova I.V., Loran O.B., Sinyakova L.A. et al. 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