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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1556</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2022-18-2-17-28</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. RENAL CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак почки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prognostic significance of sPD-1/sPD-L1 in renal cancer depending on the phenotype of tumor and stromal cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогностическая значимость sPD-1/sPD-L1 при раке почки в зависимости от фенотипа опухолевых и стромальных клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6132-9924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Vladimirovna Kovaleva</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна Ковалева</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>ovkovaleva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-1866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gratchev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>alexei.gratchev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3261-6729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Э. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>maelya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-9210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezhanova</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бежанова</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>dmitrownaja@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-1166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stilidi</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стилиди</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>director@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-9527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>vsevolodmatveev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-4127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlinskii</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлинский</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>biochimia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-08-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-05-22"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1556">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1556</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The search for new prognostic markers of renal cell carcinoma is an urgent problem of oncourology. Modern studies demonstrate the need for a comprehensive assessment of the clinical and prognostic significance of many markers.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold> is a comprehensive analysis of the prognostic significance of soluble forms of PD-1 and PD-L1 (sPD-1 and sPD-L1) depending on the phenotype of tumor cells and the microenvironment.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The study included tumor tissue and serum samples from 54 patients with renal cell cancer and from 67 healthy donors. The concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were determined in blood serum using ELISA. Tissue expression of PD-L1, PU.1, CD3, and CD20 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. To determine statistically significant differences in independent groups, the Mann–Whitney test and Fisher’s exact test were used. Overall survival was analyzed by constructing survival curves using the Kaplan–Meier method. Differences were considered statistically significant at p &lt;0.05.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> Increase of sPD-L1 concentration in serum from patients with renal cell carcinoma compared with healthy donors was demonstrated. The highest concentration of the soluble form of the PD-1 receptor was observed in serum from patients with the non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma. High levels of sPD-L1 in serum and PD-L1 in tumor cells are associated with disease progression (advanced stage, higher malignancy, as well as the presence of regional metastases). It has been shown that the high content of PU.1+ and CD20+ cells in the tumor stroma are significant factors of unfavorable prognosis. No prognostic significance was found for both sPD-L1 and PD-L1 expressed in tumor tissue. However, analysis of a combination of these markers showed that the high concentration of sPD-L1 together with the high tissue expression of PD-L1 is an extremely unfavorable factor.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Analysis of sPD-L1 concentration and tissue expression of PD-L1 in combination is a new approach for assessing the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Поиск новых прогностических маркеров почечно-клеточного рака является актуальной проблемой онкоурологии. Современные исследования демонстрируют необходимость комплексной оценки клинической и прогностической значимости многих маркеров.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – комплексный анализ прогностической значимости растворимых форм PD-1 и PD-L1 (sPD-1 и sPD-L1) в зависимости от фенотипа опухолевых клеток и их микроокружения.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование включены образцы опухолей и сывороток крови от 54 пациентов с почечноклеточным раком и от 67 здоровых доноров. Концентрацию sPD-1 и sPD-L1 определяли в сыворотке крови с помощью иммуноферментного анализа. Оценку тканевой экспрессии PD-L1, PU.1, CD3 и CD20 проводили иммуногистохимическим методом. Для определения статистически значимых различий в независимых группах использовали критерий Манна–Уитни и точный критерий Фишера. Анализ общей выживаемости проводили путем построения кривых дожития по методу Каплана–Майера. Статистически достоверными считали различия при р &lt;0,05.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Показано увеличение содержания sPD-L1 у пациентов с почечно-клеточным раком по сравнению со здоровыми донорами. Наибольшее содержание растворимой формы PD-1 характерно для пациентов с несветлоклеточным вариантом опухоли. Высокое содержание sPD-L1 в сыворотке и PD-L1 в опухолевых клетках ассоциировано с прогрессированием заболевания (высокой стадией и низкой дифференцировкой, а также наличием регионарных метастазов). Показано, что высокое содержание PU.1+- и CD20+-клеток в строме опухоли является значимым фактором неблагоприятного прогноза. Не выявлено прогностической значимости как для растворимой формы PD-L1, так и для тканевой. Однако их комплексный анализ показал, что высокое содержание растворимой формы PD-L1 при высокой тканевой экспрессии данного маркера – крайне неблагоприятный фактор.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Комплексный анализ прогностической значимости содержания растворимой и тканевой форм PD-L1 является новым подходом к оценке прогноза почечно-клеточного рака.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PD-L1</kwd><kwd>blood serum</kwd><kwd>renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>stroma</kwd><kwd>immunosuppression</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>PD-L1</kwd><kwd>сыворотка крови</kwd><kwd>почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>строма</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессия</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed with the support of Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 22-25-00082, https://rscf.ru/project/22-25-00082/)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 22-25-00082, https://rscf.ru/project/22-25-00082/)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovaleva O.V., Rashidova M.A., Samoilova D.V. et al. 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