<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1506</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2021-17-4-19-26</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. RENAL CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак почки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Similarities and differences in the process of metastasis and differentiation of renal cancer on gene expression</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сходство и различие процессов метастазирования и дифференцировки рака почки по экспрессии генов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-115X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Apanovich</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апанович</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1.</p></bio><email>karpukhin@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><email>karpukhin@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-5512</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Apanovich</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апанович</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1.</p></bio><email>karpukhin@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotaeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коротаева</surname><given-names>А. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1.</p></bio><email>karpukhin@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-9726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kipkeeva</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кипкеева</surname><given-names>Ф. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1.</p></bio><email>karpukhin@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-2056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Muzaffarova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Музаффарова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1.</p></bio><email>karpukhin@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalmurzaev</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халмурзаев</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><email>karpukhin@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-9527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><email>karpukhin@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-9116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpukhin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпухин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Karpukhin.</p><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпухин Александр Васильевич - заведующий лабораторией, доктор биологических наук, профессор.</p><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1.</p></bio><email>karpukhin@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-10-19"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1506">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1506</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Metastasing and degree of differentiation refer to the main clinical characteristics of malignant tumors. Both listed features need an in-depth study that can lead to an understanding of the mechanisms for the occurrence of certain state of cancer cells.</p><p><bold>Objective</bold>. Studying the processes of metastasis and differentiation of the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) on gene expression.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The levels of expression of ten genes in 65 paired samples were studied (ccRCC tumor tissue and the normal kidney tissue) by the real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. It is shown that the expression of <italic>CA9, NDUFA4L2, VWF, IGFBP3, BHLHE41, ANGPTL4</italic> and <italic>EGLN3</italic> genes is associated both with the degree of differentiation of the ccRCC and with the metastasis of this tumor. C1QA expression is connected only with metastasis, but does not participate in the process of differentiation of tumor cells. An ambiguous situation with <italic>FN1</italic> and <italic>CSF1R</italic> gene expression is not essential for ccRCC metastasis processes, but may have a certain value for differentiation of cells of this tumor. Low-differentiated tumors have about five times an increased metastasis frequency during the year relative to highly differentiated tumors (odds ratio 4.94). A low correlation of gene expression in tumors with a low degree of differentiation is revealed, as opposed to their high co-expression during tumor progression by TNM classifications.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. A significant part of genes substantial for the development of ccRCC is associated with both metastasis and the degree of differentiation of the ccRCC, which is due to the similarity of functional changes that stimulate both of these processes. For low-differentiated tumors the number of genes with correlated expression is less than in high-differentiated tumors. This may be due to disorganization of gene expression.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Метастазирование и степень дифференцировки относятся к основным клиническим характеристикам злокачественных опухолей. Оба рассматриваемых признака нуждаются в углубленном исследовании, способном приводить к пониманию механизмов возникновения того или иного состояния раковых клеток.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> - изучение процессов метастазирования и дифференцировки светлоклеточного почечно-клеточного рака (скПКР) по экспрессии генов.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Изучены уровни экспрессии 10 генов в 65 парных образцах (опухолевая ткань скПКР и нормальная ткань той же почки) методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Показано, что экспрессия генов <italic>CA9, NDUFA4L2, VWF, IGFBP3, BHLHE41, ANGPTL4</italic> и <italic>EGLN3</italic> ассоциирована как со степенью дифференцировки скПКР, так и с метастазированием этой опухоли. Экспрессия <italic>C1QA</italic> связана только с метастазированием, но не участвует в процессах дифференцировки клеток опухоли. Неоднозначная ситуация с генами <italic>FN1</italic> и <italic>CSF1R</italic>, экспрессия которых несущественна для процессов метастазирования скПКР, но может иметь некоторое значение для дифференцировки клеток этой опухоли. Низкодифференцированные опухоли имеют примерно в 5 раз повышенную частоту метастазирования в течение года по отношению к высокодифференцированным опухолям (отношение шансов 4,94). Выявлена низкая корреляция экспрессии генов в опухолях с низкой степенью дифференцировки, в противовес их высокой коэкспрессии при прогрессии опухоли по TNM-классификации.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Значительная часть существенных для развития скПКР генов связана как с метастазированием, так и со степенью дифференцировки опухоли, что обусловлено сходством функциональных изменений, стимулирующих оба этих процесса. В низкодифференцированных опухолях выявлена дезорганизация экспрессии генов, выражающаяся в слабой ее корреляции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>clear cell renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>metastasis</kwd><kwd>degree of differentiation</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>светлоклеточный почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>метастазирование</kwd><kwd>степень дифференцировки</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted under the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for 2021.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации на 2021 г.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang X., Hu B., Sun Y.F. et al. Arsenic trioxide induces differentiation of cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibition of LIF/JAK1/STAT3 and NF-kB signaling pathways synergistically. Clin Transl Med 2021;11(2):e335. DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.335.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao Z., Gao J., Li C. et al. Reactive oxygen species induce endothelial differentiation of liver cancer stem-like sphere cells through the activation of Akt/ IKK signaling pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020;2020:1621687. DOI: 10.1155/2020/1621687.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Gonzalez-Guerrico A.M., Espinoza I., Schroeder B. et al. Suppression of endogenous lipogenesis induces reversion of the malignant phenotype and normalized differentiation in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016;7(44):71151-68. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9463.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Apanovich N., Peters M., Apanovich P. et al. The genes-candidates for prognostic markers of metastasis by expression level in clear cell renal cell cancer. Diagnostics 2020;10(1):30. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10010030.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Jogi A., Vaapil M., Johansson M., Pahlman S. Cancer cell differentiation heterogeneity and aggressive behavior in solid tumors. Ups J Med Sci 2012;117(2):217-24. DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2012.659294.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Zheng X., Dai F., Feng L. et al. Communication between epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and cancer stem cells: new insights into cancer progression. Front Oncol 2021;11:617597. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.617597.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Apanovich N., Apanovich P., Mansorunov D. et al. The choice of candidates in survival markers based on coordinated gene expression in renal cancer. Front Oncol 2021;11:615787. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.615787.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Moein S., Javanmard S.H., Abedi M. et al. Identification of appropriate housekeeping genes for gene expression analysis in long-term hypoxia-treated kidney cells. Adv Biomed Res 2017;6:15. DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.200790.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Rodrigues A.S., Pereira S.L., Ramalho-Santos J. Stem metabolism: Insights from oncometabolism and vice versa. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020;1866(7):165760. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165760.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Mimeault M., Batra S.K. Hypoxiainducing factors as master regulators of stemness properties and altered metabolism of cancer- and metastasisinitiating cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013;17(1):30-54. DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Capp J.P. Cancer stem cells: from historical roots to a new perspective. J Oncol 2019;2019:5189232. DOI: 10.1155/2019/5189232.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Jin X., Jin X., Kim H. Cancer stem cells and differentiation therapy. Tumor Biol 2017;39(10):1010428317729933. DOI: 10.1177/1010428317729933.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Riester M., Xu Q., Moreira A. et al. The Warburg effect: persistence of stemcell metabolism in cancers as a failure of differentiation. Ann Oncol 2018;29(1):264-70. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx645.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Khan T., Cabral H. Abnormal glycosylation of cancer stem cells and targeting strategies. Front Oncol 2021;11:649338. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649338.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Tanabe S., Quader S., Cabral H., Ono R. Interplay of EMT and CSC in cancer and the potential therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2020;11:904. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00904.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
