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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1488</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2022-18-1-112-120</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. TESTICULAR CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак яичка</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Structure of residual metastases in patients with advanced testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumors and incomplete serological and radiological response to chemotherapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Строение резидуальных метастазов у больных распространенными несеминомными герминогенными опухолями яичка с неполным радиологическим и серологическим ответом на химиотерапию</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-6624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Mariya I. Volkova</bold></p><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, </italic></p><p><italic>Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Мария Игоревна Волкова</bold></p><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24,</italic></p><p><italic>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic></p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3528-1466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arakelyan</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аракелян</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, </italic></p><p><italic>2 Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119435</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Геворг Арменович Аракелян</bold></p><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24,</italic></p><p><italic>119435 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2 </italic></p></bio><email>dr.arakelyan@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-2976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-9234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fainstein</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файнштейн</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9849-2458</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-7806</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyanin</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федянин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-214X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tryakin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трякин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-2229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyulyandin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюляндин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-9527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-8203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stilidi</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стилиди</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1488">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1488</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective</bold>: to analyze histological structure and identify predictors of detecting malignant non-seminoma in residual tumor masses obtained from patients with testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (TNSGCTs) who had not achieved complete serological and radiological response to chemotherapy (CT).</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. This study included 96 out of 703 patients with TNSGCTs (13.7 %) operated on in N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. The inclusion criteria were as follows: verified advanced TNSGCT, elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein and/or chorionic gonadotropin at the moment of CT initiation, at least 3 completed courses of first-line or second-line platinum-based CT, residual tumor foci after CT visualized with radiological methods, alpha-fetoprotein &gt;7.29 IU/mL or chorionic gonadotropin &gt;5 mIU/mL 3 weeks after the initiation of the last CT course, and surgery after CT. Histological examination of the primary tumors demonstrated that they contained elements of seminoma (n = 14; 14.6 %), teratoma (n = 29; 30.2 %), choriocarcinoma in (n = 23; 23.9 %), embryonal carcinoma (n = 45; 46.9 %), and yolk sac (n = 18; 18.8 %). All study participants received first-line CT; 58 of them (60.4 %) also received second-line CT. All patients underwent surgery after CT, including retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) (n = 96; 100 %) and excision of extra-retroperitoneal lesions (n = 8; 8.3 %).</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. Histological examination of excised retroperitoneal masses showed that they contained areas of necrosis and fibrosis (n = 25; 26.0 %), teratoma (n = 29; 30.2 %), and viable malignant non-seminoma (n = 42; 43.8 %). There was a strong positive correlation between the existence of residual malignant non-seminomatous components in retroperitoneal masses and presence of choriocarcinoma (r = 0.300; р = 0.004), as well as the absence of embryonal carcinoma in the primary tumor (r = –0.300; р = 0.004), invasion of retroperitoneal metastases into major vessels and/or adjacent organs (r = 0.243; р = 0.017), and second-line CT prior to RPLND (r = 0.413; р &lt;0.0001). Patients having ≥3 risk factors were significantly more likely to have residual malignant non-seminoma in retroperitoneal masses than patients who had 0–2 risk factors (73.5 % vs 27.3 %; р &lt;0.0001). Excised residual extra-retroperitoneal masses contained areas of necrosis and fibrosis (n = 3; 37.5 %), teratoma (n = 1; 12.5 %), and malignant non-seminoma (n = 4; 62.5 %). Concordant structure of retroperitoneal and extra-retroperitoneal lesions was observed in 4 patients (50.0 %).</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Malignant non-seminomas were detected in 43.8 % of retroperitoneal and 62.5 % of extra-retroperitoneal residual tumorsremoved after CT in patients with advanced TNSGCTs and incomplete serological and radiological response. Discordant structure of metastases at different locations was observed in 50 % of patients. Our finding can be used to select candidates for surgical excision of residual tumors among these patients.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучить гистологическое строение и произвести поиск предикторов выявления злокачественной несеминомы в остаточных опухолевых массах, удаленных у пациентов с распространенными несеминомными герминогенными опухолями яичка (НГОЯ), не достигших полного серологического и радиологического ответа на химиотерапию (ХТ).</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование включены данные 96 (13,7 %) из 703 больных НГОЯ, подвергнутых хирургическому лечению после ХТ в НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина и соответствовавших следующим критериям: верифицированная распространенная НГОЯ с повышением концентраций альфа-фетопротеина и/или хорионического гонадотропина на момент начала ХТ, завершение не менее 3 курсов платиносодержащей ХТ 1-й или 2-й линии, радиологически определяемые опухолевые очаги после ХТ, концентрация альфа-фетопротеина через 3 нед с момента начала последнего курса ХТ &gt;7,29 МЕ/мл и/или хорионического гонадотропина &gt;5 мМЕ/мл, хирургическое лечение после ХТ. Гистологически первичная опухоль содержала элементы семиномы в 14 (14,6 %), тератомы – в 29 (30,2 %), хориокарциномы – в 23 (23,9 %), эмбрионального рака – в 45 (46,9 %), желточного мешка – в 18 (18,8 %) случаях. Первую линию ХТ получили все 96 (100 %), 2-ю линию ХТ – 58 (60,4 %) пациентов. Всем больным после ХТ проводилось хирургическое лечение: забрюшинная лимфаденэктомия (ЗЛАЭ) – 96 (100 %), ЗЛАЭ и удаление экстраретроперитонеальных очагов – 8 (8,3 %).</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Гистологически удаленные забрюшинные массы были представлены некрозом и фиброзом в 25 (26,0 %), тератомой – в 29 (30,2 %), жизнеспособной злокачественной несеминомой – в 42 (43,8 %) случаях. Выявлена сильная прямая взаимосвязь между сохранением злокачественных несеминомных компонентов в забрюшинных массах и наличием хориокарциномы (r = 0,300; р = 0,004), а также отсутствием эмбрионального рака в первичной опухоли (r = –0,300; р = 0,004), врастанием забрюшинных метастазов в магистральные сосуды и/или окружающие органы (r = 0,243; р = 0,017) и проведением ХТ 2-й линии до ЗЛАЭ (r = 0,413; р &lt;0,0001). Выявлено достоверное увеличение частотысохранения злокачественной несеминомыв остаточных забрюшинных массах с 27,3 % при наличии 0–2факторов риска до 73,5 % при ≥3 факторов риска (р &lt;0,0001). Удаленные экстраретроперитонеальные резидуальные массы были представлены фиброзом и некрозом в 3 (37,5 %), тератомой – в 1 (12,5 %), злокачественной несеминомой – в 4 (62,5 %) из 8 случаев. Конкордантное строение забрюшинных и экстраретроперитонеальных очагов имело место у 4 (50,0 %) больных.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Злокачественная несеминома выявляется в 43,8 % забрюшинных и 62,5 % экстраретроперитонеальных остаточных очагов, удаленных после ХТ у больных распространенными НГОЯ с неполным радиологическим и маркерным ответом. Дискордантное строение метастазов разных локализаций имеет место в 50 % наблюдений. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы с целью селекции кандидатов для хирургического удаления остаточных опухолей у этой категории пациентов.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>testicular non-seminoma germ cell tumor</kwd><kwd>positive tumor marker</kwd><kwd>histological structure of residual tumor masses</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>несеминомные герминогенные опухоли яичка</kwd><kwd>положительные опухолевые маркер</kwd><kwd>гистологическое строение резидуальных опухолевых масс</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Steyerberg E.W., Keizer H.J., Fossa S.D. et al. Prediction of residual retroperitoneal mass histology after chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: multivariate analysis of individual patient data from six study groups. J Clin Oncol 1995;13(5):1177–87. 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