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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1483</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2022-18-1-136-142</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Relationship of TP53 gene with retroelements in urogenital organs carcinogenesis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимосвязь гена TP53 с ретроэлементами в канцерогенезе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-382X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafin</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Rustam N. Mustafin </bold></p><p><italic>3 Lenina St., Ufa 450008</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Рустам Наилевич Мустафин, </bold>доцент кафедры медицинской генетики и фундаментальной медицины, кандидат биологических наук</p><p><italic>450008 Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3 </italic></p><p>SPIN-код (РИНЦ): 4810-2534</p><p> </p></bio><email>ruji79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО "Башкирский государственный медицинский университет"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>136</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-08-27"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1483">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1483</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a hypothesis about the influence of TP53 gene on the development of prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer through negative regulation of retrotransposons. The p53 protein is a transcription factor that controls the expression of various protein-coding genes. The promoter regions of endogenous retroviruses contain almost ideal binding sites for p53, which suppresses translation of these elements and LINE1s. The TP53 gene contains retrotransposons, which promote mutations due to recombinations. Germinal mutations of the TP53 gene in Li–Fraumeni syndrome cause a deficiency of the p53 protein, which leads to the activation of retroelements, which, in turn, cause loss of heterozygosity of the second TP53 allele. The result is a “vicious circle” that stimulates genomic instability and carcinogenesis. This mechanism is possible for sporadic urogenital system malignant neoplasms development, where TP53 mutations are most often identified, acting as drivers of carcinogenesis. At the same time, pathological activation of retroelements is found in many malignant neoplasms. Moreover, the “vicious circle”, when a deficiency of an oncosuppressor causes activation of retroelements that contribute to inactivation of other oncosuppressors, is characteristic not only for р53. Retroelements can be controlled by other oncosuppressor genes that contain hot spots of insertional mutagenesis and retrotransposons (which contribute to recombination events). I suppose that pathological interregulation of retroelements and tumor suppressors is a universal mechanism of carcinogenesis in the development of sporadic malignant neoplasms and hereditary tumor syndromes. Chromoplexy observed in 90 % of prostate cancer samples may reflect these events, since activated retroelements in carcinogenesis contribute to complex chromosomal rearrangements.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящем обзоре представлены сведения о роли гена TP53 в канцерогенезе рака предстательной железы, почки и мочевого пузыря за счет негативной регуляции ретротранспозонов. Белок р53 является транскрипционным фактором, управляющим экспрессией различных белок-кодирующих генов. Промоторные области эндогенных ретровирусов содержат практически идеальные сайты связывания с белком р53, который подавляет их трансляцию, а также вызывает сайленсинг ретроэлементов LINE1. Сам ген TP53 содержит в своем составе ретротранспозоны, которые способствуют мутациям вследствие рекомбинаций. Герминальные мутации гена ТР53 при синдроме Ли– Фраумени вызывают дефицит белка р53, что ведет к активации ретроэлементов, которые, в свою очередь, вызывают потерю гетерозиготности 2-го аллеля ТР53. Возникает порочный круг, стимулирующий геномную нестабильность и канцерогенез. Данный механизм возможен для спорадических злокачественных новообразований мочеполовой системы, при которых наиболее часто выявляют мутации TP53, действующие как драйверы канцерогенеза. В то же время во многих злокачественных новообразованиях обнаруживается патологическая активация ретроэлементов. Более того, порочный круг, когда дефицит онкосупрессора вызывает активацию ретроэлементов, способствующих инактивации других генов-супрессоров, специфичен не только для ТР53. Способностью негативно контролировать экспрессию ретроэлементов характеризуются и другие гены-супрессоры, которые содержат в своем составе горячие точки инсерционного мутагенеза и сами ретротранспозоны (которые способствуют рекомбинационным событиям). Сделано предположение, что патологическая взаиморегуляция ретроэлементов и онкосупрессоров является универсальным механизмом канцерогенеза при развитии как спорадических злокачественных новообразований, так и наследственных опухолевых синдромов. Наблюдаемая в 90 % образцов рака предстательной железы хромоплексия может отражать данные события, поскольку активированные ретроэлементы в канцерогенезе способствуют развитию комплексных хромосомных перестроек.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>p53 protein</kwd><kwd>TP53 gene</kwd><kwd>carcinogenesis</kwd><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>tumor suppressor</kwd><kwd>retroelement</kwd><kwd>transposons</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>белок р53</kwd><kwd>ген ТР53</kwd><kwd>канцерогенез</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>онкосупрессоры</kwd><kwd>ретроэлементы</kwd><kwd>транспозоны</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harris C.R., Dewan A., Zupnick A. et al. P53 responsive elements in human retrotransposons. Oncogene. 2009;28:3857-65. DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harris C.R., Dewan A., Zupnick A. et al. 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