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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1426</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2021-17-2-17-32</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. RENAL CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак почки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Technique and short-term outcomes of surgical treatment in patients with renal cell carcinoma and tumor venous thrombosis: experience of the Urology Clinic, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Техника и непосредственные результаты хирургического лечения больных раком почки с опухолевым венозным тромбозом: опыт клиники урологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-9527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-6624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya I. Volkova.</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волкова Мария Игоревна.</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><email>mivolkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9029-2590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vashakmadze</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вашакмадзе</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вашакмадзе Нико Леванович.</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><email>nikko_01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-8203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stilidi</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стилиди</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-07-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-18"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-05-24"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1426">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1426</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective</bold>: to describe the technique of nephrectomy and thrombectomy used in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and tumor venous thrombosis of various levels, and to identify risk factors of in-hospital death among operated patients.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. This study included 768 patients with RCC and tumor venous thrombosis who have undergone surgical treatment. Median age was 58 years (range: 16-82 years); the male to female ratio was 2.3:1. The symptoms of venous tumor thrombosis were identified in 199 patients (25.9 %). In the majority of patients (<italic>n</italic> = 509; 66.3 %), the tumor thrombus originated from the right renal vein. The cranial border of the tumor thrombus was located in the perirenal inferior vena cava (IVC) in 219 patients (28.5 %), subhepatic IVC in 201 patients (26.2 %), intrahepatic IVC in 171 patients (22.3 %), and above the diaphragm in 177 patients (23.0 %). We used an individual approach to choose an optimal method of vascular control and to identify indications for circulatory support. Two-thirds of patients (<italic>n</italic> = 512; 66.7 %) underwent temporary block of the second renal vein; 268 patients (34.9 %) - temporary block of the hepatoduodenal ligament and right heart; 11 patients (3.2 %) were operated on with cardiopulmonary bypass.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. The median surgery time was 190 ± 63.6 min; median blood loss was 3,000 ± 71.6 mL (≥50 % of circulating blood in 35.1 % of patients). Intraoperative complications were registered in 23 patients (3.0 %); eight patients (1.0 %) died during surgery with 4 of them died due to pulmonary embolism (0.5 %), 3 died due to hemorrhagic shock (0.4 %), and 1 died due to myocardial infarction (0.1 %). One hundred and ninety individuals (25.0 %) developed postoperative complications with Clavien-Dindo grade III-V complications observed in 115 cases (15.1 %). Forty-one patients (5.3 %) died in the early postoperative period. The causes of death included multiple organ dysfunction (<italic>n</italic> = 21; 2.8 %), pulmonary embolism (<italic>n</italic> = 7; 0.9 %), sepsis (<italic>n</italic> = 6; 0.8 %), stroke (<italic>n</italic> = 4; 0.5 %), myocardial infarction (<italic>n</italic> = 2; 0.2 %), and RCC progression (<italic>n</italic> = 1; 0.1 %). We have identified several independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality, including ascites (hazard ratio (HR) 8.3; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.2-21.4; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001), preoperative pulmonary embolism (HR 3.5; 95 % CI 1.3-9.4; <italic>p</italic> = 0.013), supradiaphragmatic thrombi (HR 1.5; 95 % CI 1.1-2.0; <italic>p</italic> = 0.003). The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.5 % (20/575) among patients with no risk factors, 9.8 % (16/163) among those with 1 risk factor, 40.0 % (10/25) among those with 2 risk factors, and 60.0 % (3/5) among those with 3 risk factors (area under the curve (AUC) 0.705; <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.0001 for all).</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. The incidence of severe complications and postoperative mortality rate in RCC patients with tumor venous thrombosis who have undergone nephrectomy and thrombectomy were 15.1 and 6.4 %, respectively. Risk factors for perioperative mortality included ascites, preoperative pulmonary embolism, and supradiaphragmatic thrombosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> - описать технику нефрэктомии, тромбэктомии, используемую у больных раком почки с опухолевым венозным тромбозом различной протяженности, и выделить факторы риска госпитальной смерти оперированных пациентов.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование включены данные 768 больных раком почки, осложненным опухолевым венозным тромбозом, подвергнутых хирургическому лечению. Медиана возраста - 58 (16-82) лет, соотношение мужчин и женщин - 2,3:1. Симптомы опухолевого венозного тромбоза на момент обращения имелись у 199 (25,9 %) пациентов. У большинства (509; 66,3 %) больных опухолевый тромб исходил из правой почечной вены. Краниальная граница опухолевого венозного тромба находилась в периренальном отделе нижней полой вены у 219 (28,5 %), в подпеченочном отделе - у 201 (26,2 %), во внутрипеченочном отделе - у 171 (22,3 %) и располагалась выше диафрагмы у 177 (23,0 %) пациентов. Вид сосудистого контроля и показания к циркуляторной поддержке определялись индивидуально. Временный блок второй почечной вены использовался в 512 (66,7 %), гепатодуоденальной связки и правых отделов сердца - в 268 (34,9 %) случаях; сердечно-легочное шунтирование применялось у 11 (3,2 %) больных.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Медиана операционного времени - 190 ± 63,6 мин, медиана объема кровопотери - 3000 ± 71,6 мл (≥50 % объема циркулирующей крови - 35,1 %). Интраоперационные осложнения отмечены во время 23 (3,0 %) операций, смерть на операционном столе зафиксирована в 8 (1,0 %) наблюдениях и была обусловлена тромбоэмболией легочной артерии (ТЭЛА) (4; 0,5 %), геморрагическим шоком (3; 0,4 %) и инфарктом миокарда (1; 0,1 %). Послеоперационные осложнения развились у 190 (25,0 %) пациентов и достигли III-V степеней тяжести по шкале Clavien-Dindo в 115 (15,1 %) случаях. В раннем послеоперационном периоде умер 41 (5,3 %) больной. Причинами смерти служили полиорганная недостаточность (21; 2,8 %), ТЭЛА (7; 0,9 %), сепсис (6; 0,8 %), инсульт (4; 0,5 %), инфаркт миокарда (2; 0,2 %) и прогрессирование рака почки (1; 0,1 %). Независимыми факторами риска госпитальной летальности явились асцит (отношение рисков (ОР) 8,3; 95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 3,2-21,4; <italic>р</italic> &lt;0,0001), ТЭЛА до операции (ОР 3,5; 95 % ДИ 1,3-9,4; <italic>р</italic> = 0,013), расположение головки тромба выше диафрагмы (ОР 1,5; 95 % ДИ 1,1-2,0; <italic>р</italic> = 0,003). Госпитальная летальность больных с отсутствием факторов риска составила 3,5 % (20/575), с 1 фактором риска - 9,8 % (16/163), с 2 факторами риска - 40,0 % (10/25), с 3 факторами риска -60,0 % (3/5) (площадь под кривой (AUC) 0,705; <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,0001 для всех).</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. У больных раком почки с опухолевым венозным тромбозом, подвергнутых нефрэктомии, тромбэктомии, частота тяжелых осложнений составляет 15,1 %, периоперационная летальность - 6,4 %. Факторы риска периоперационной летальности включают асцит, ТЭЛА до операции и наддиафрагмальный тромбоз.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>venous tumor thrombosis</kwd><kwd>nephrectomy</kwd><kwd>thrombectomy</kwd><kwd>complication</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>risk factor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак почки</kwd><kwd>опухолевый венозный тромбоз</kwd><kwd>нефрэктомия</kwd><kwd>тромбэктомия</kwd><kwd>осложнение</kwd><kwd>летальность</kwd><kwd>фактор риска</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atduev V.A., Amoev Z.V., Danilov A.A. et al. Surgical treatment of kidney cancer with extended inferior vena cava thrombosis: complications and long-term results. Onkourologiya = Cancer Urology 2017;13(1):37-44. (In Russ.). 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