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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1342</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-4-181-190</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Renin-angiotensin system: role in the development and progression of prostate cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ренин-ангиотензиновая система: роль в развитии и прогрессировании рака предстательной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5128-4910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernogubova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черногубова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Chernogubova - PhD, Leading researcher,  Head Laboratory of Experimental Biology, SPIN 3375-2110.</p><p>Elena A. Chernogubova</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Черногубова - зав. лабораторией экспериментальной биологии  ФГБУН ФИЦ Южный научный центр РАН, ведущий научный сотрудник, кандидат биологических наук,SPIN-код 3375-2110.</p><p>344006 Ростов-на-Дону, проспект Чехова, 41</p></bio><email>eachernogubova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1710-0169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogan</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коган</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michael I. Kogan - Head the Department of Urology and Human Reproductive Health with the course of pediatric urology-andrology, Rostov SMU, Ministry of Health of Russia; Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, SPIN-6300-3241</p><p>41 Prospekt Chehova, Rostov-on-Don 344006; 29 Nakhichevanskiy Pereulok, Rostov-on-Don 344022</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Иосифович Коган - заведующий кафедрой урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека с курсом детской урологии-андрологии ФГБОУ ВО Ростовский ГМУ М Р; доктор медицинских наук, профессор, SPIN 6300-3241.</p><p>344006 Ростов-на-Дону, проспект Чехова, 41; 344022 Ростов-на-Дону, переулок Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><email>dept_kogan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Федеральный исследовательский центр Южный научный центр, Российская академия наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Федеральный исследовательский центр Южный научный центр, Российская академия наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff3"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Ростовский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>181</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-10-24"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1342">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1342</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Being the most common malignancy in men, prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant social and medical problem. The development of new approaches to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PCa is one of the most important tasks of current urological oncology.</p><p>The renin-angiotensin cascade plays a crucial role in the regulation of most physiological and pathophysiological conditions in the human organism, including vascular tone, blood pressure, development and progression of atherosclerosis, and key metabolic processes. The classical regulation axis of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is well known and includes angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II/ angiotensin II receptors. Recently, new RAS elements have been found and described, such as ACE2 (homologue of ACE), angiotensin isoforms 1—7, alamandin, etc. This resulted in the discovery of many new alternative axes of RAS regulation, including ACE2/angiotensin-(1—7)/ MAS receptor, prorenin/(pro)renin receptor/MAP kinase, and angiotensin A/almandin/receptor D (MrgD). The prostate gland has a local RAS; all main components of RAS are expressed in prostate tissues.</p><p>This review analyzes molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenic effects of RAS, as well as classical and alternative pathways of RAS regulation in PCa. We have described the results of studies evaluating individual RAS parameters in PCa, which confirm the existence of a complex network between various elements of local RAS and molecular and cellular mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis. RAS has been proved to play an important role in PCa development and progression.</p><p>We have also covered new therapeutic targets for PCa treatment, presumable mechanisms of action, and prospects of using RAS inhibitors for PCa.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рак предстательной железы (РПЖ) – наиболее часто встречающееся злокачественное новообразование у мужчин, представляющее большую социальную и медицинскую проблему. Разработка новых подходов к диагностике, прогнозу и лечению РПЖ  является приоритетной задачей онкоурологии.</p><p>Ренин-ангиотензиновый каскад имеет первостепенное значение в регуляции большинства физиологических и патофизиологических состояний в организме человека: тонуса сосудов и уровня артериального давления, механизмов развития и прогрессирования атеросклероза, ключевых метаболических процессов. «Классическая» ось регуляции ренин-ангиотензиновой системы (РАС) – ангиотензинпревращающий фермент (АПФ)/Ангиотензин II/рецепторы ангиотензина II хорошо известна. В последние годы были описаны и изучены новые элементы РАС: гомолог АПФ – АПФ2, изоформы ангиотензина 1-7, аламандин и т.д.  В связи этим, описано множество новых «альтернативных» осей регуляции РАС:   АПФ2/ангиотензин 1-7/Mas рецептор,    проренин/(про) рецептор ренина /MAP-киназа,    ангиотензин A/аламандин/рецептор D(MrgD).   Предстательная железа  имеет локальную ренин-ангиотензиновую систему, в тканях простаты экспрессированы все основные компоненты РАС.</p><p>В обзоре проанализированы молекулярные механизмы проонкогенного влияния РАС, «классические» и «альтернативные» пути регуляции РАС при раке предстательной железы. Приведены результаты исследования отдельных показателей РАС при РПЖ, которые подтверждают существование сложной сети между различными элементами локальной РАС и молекулярными и клеточными механизмами канцерогенеза предстательной железы. Доказано, что РАС играет важную роль в процессах инициации и развития рака предстательной железы. </p><p>Рассмотрены новые терапевтические мишени для лечения РПЖ, предполагаемые механизмы действия и перспективы применения ингибиторов РАС при лечении РПЖ.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>renin-angiotensin system</kwd><kwd>classical regulation axis</kwd><kwd>alternative regulation axis</kwd><kwd>angiotensin converting enzyme</kwd><kwd>angiotensin II</kwd><kwd>angiotensin IIreceptors</kwd><kwd>angiotensin-(1—7)</kwd><kwd>MAS receptor</kwd><kwd>angiotensin A</kwd><kwd>alamandin</kwd><kwd>D receptor (MrgD)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>ренин-ангиотензиновая система: «классическая» ось регуляции РАС – ангиотензинпревращающий фермент (АПФ)/Ангиотензин II/рецепторы ангиотензина II</kwd><kwd>«альтернативные оси регуляции РАС - АПФ2/ангиотензин 1-7/Mas рецептор</kwd><kwd>ангиотензин A / аламандин/ рецептор D(MrgD).</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed as part of the State assignment of the Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (state registration number 01201363192)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания Федерального исследовательского центра Южный научный центр Российской академии наук (номер государственной регистрации 01201363192)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Axel E.M., Matveev V.B. 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