Materials and Methods. The results of transrectal multifocal prostatic rebiopsy made under ultrasound guidance at the Clinic of Urology, Military Medical Academy, in 1998 to 2004 were studied.

A total of 2352 males were examined; of them, 125 patients underwent rebiopsy. The patients’ age was 54 to 87 years (mean age 60.3 years). The patients were divided into 4 age groups: 1) 51-60 years [11% (14/125)]; 2) 61-70 years [47% (59/125)]; 3) 71-80 years [35% (44/125)]; 4) > 81 years [0.3% (4/125)]. There were 6 to 14 biopsy probes.

Results. The study showed that rebiopsy of the prostate identified its cancer in 23% of the patients having a negative primary histological result. It was also established that the patients in whom primary biopsy revealed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and/or an increase in PSA of > 0.75 ng/ml per year and its density > 0.15 ng/ml/cm3 should be referred to a repeated histological study within 6 to 12 months. When these rules were observed, there were the most favorable prognostic signs: no capsular invasion, lower Glisson scores, and none metastasis.

Conclusion. The study has provided the following indications for rebiopsy:

— a continually elevating PSA level or its preservation after primary negative biopsy;

— abnormal findings on rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound study;

— high-grade PIN in the prior biopsy specimen.