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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1007</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2019-15-4-126-134</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Bladder cancer: what’s new in 2018–2019</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рак мочевого пузыря - что нового в 2018-2019гг?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-2840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karyakin</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карякин</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>4 Koroleva St., Obninsk 249031</italic><italic/></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Олег Борисович Карякин </bold></p><p><italic>249031 Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4 </italic></p></bio><email>karyakin@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский радиологический научный центр им А. Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-11-20"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-12-06"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1007">https://oncourology.abvpress.ru/oncur/article/view/1007</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review presents the results of the most important and interesting studies on diagnosis, epidemiology and treatment of bladder cancer within 2018–2019. Some regulations are based on the recommendations of the European Association of Urology, while others – on the results of mutual studies. As for treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, data of particular interest pertain to intravesical chemotherapy in case of to BCG resistance (Calmet–Guerin Bacillus) for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Response rate and number of adverse reactions are satisfactory and allow to hope for better results in future. The results of epidemiological studies on large populations showed that considering the disease pathogenesis it is necessary to take into account the presence of human hepatitis HBAb, as well as human papillomavirus type 6. As immunotherapeutic drugs are widely used in patients with oncological and urological diseases, their action is studied in patients with nonmuscleinvasive, locally advanced bladder cancer. The results showed the effectiveness of pembrolizumab when administered intravesically in BCG refractory cancer. The same drugs used in the neoadjuvant mode showed an increase of pT0 number after radical cystectomy. A comparative study of pembrolizumab and atesolizumab versus traditional chemotherapy showed their advantage in the frequency of complete regressions and survival rates to progression.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре представлены результаты наиболее важных и интересных исследований по диагностике, эпидемиологии и лечению рака мочевого пузыря за 2018–2019 гг. Ряд положений представлен на основании рекомендаций Европейской ассоциации урологов, большинство других – на основании результатов кооперированных исследований. По лечению немышечно-инвазивного рака мочевого пузыря интерес представляют данные о внутрипузырном использовании химиопрепаратов в случае устойчивости к введению вакцины БЦЖ (бациллы Кальмета–Герена) с лечебной и профилактической целью. Частота ответа и побочные реакции вполне удовлетворительны и позволяют надеяться на дальнейшее улучшение результатов. Результаты исследования по эпидемиологии на больших популяциях показали, что в патогенезе заболевания необходимо учитывать наличие гепатита человека HBAb, а также вируса папилломы человека 6‑го типа. В связи с активным применением иммунотерапевтических препаратов у пациентов с онкоурологическими заболеваниями проводят исследования этих лекарств при немышечно-инвазивном, местно-распространенном раке мочевого пузыря. Полученные результаты показали эффективность пембролизумаба при внутрипузырном его введении, рефрактерности к БЦЖ. Использование этого же препарата в неоадъювантном режиме продемонстрировало увеличение числа pT0 после радикальной цистэктомии. Сравнительное исследование пембролизумаба и атезолизумаба с традиционной химиотерапией показало преимущество в частоте полных регрессий, а также в показателях выживаемости до прогрессирования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>radiation therapy</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>transurethral resection</kwd><kwd>cystectomy</kwd><kwd>Pembrolizumab</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>неоадъювантная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>трансуретральная резекция</kwd><kwd>цистэктомия</kwd><kwd>пембролизумаб</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Association of Urology. 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